社會線索調節賽門效應

Abstract

本研究目的在於瞭解在賽門作業（Simon task）當中，社會線索如頭、眼的方向如何影響受試者的動作表現。我們以社會激發（socail facilitation, Zajonc, 1965）的角度探討此議題，想瞭解當頭、眼看或不看受試者時，表現是否會因受到激發而較好。在實驗一當中，我們以眼睛作為刺激材料，獲得由刺激位置與按鍵反應位置對應關係所產生的賽門效應（Simon effect）。實驗二以人臉替代眼睛作為刺激材料，發現當眼睛看相受試者時，受試者的表現會受到激發，相較於眼睛不看受試者時，賽門效應減小。在實驗三我們進一步操弄頭的方向，發現頭、眼兩者看相受試者時，都會使受試者的表現受到激發。然而，頭與眼睛看不看受試者進而調節賽門效應的方式並不相同，當頭看向受試者時，賽門效應增大；反之，當眼睛看向受試者時，賽門效應減小。此外，臉的存在在激發效果中扮演重要的角色。

The purpose of the present study is to investigate how individual’s performance is affected by the head orientation and gaze direction in the context of the Simon task. The social facilitation (Zajonc, 1965) may occur when the head or the eyes look toward the participants, making the Simon effect smaller than when the head or the eyes look away from them. We manipulated the gaze direction in Experiments 1 and 2 and used eye-like stimuli and faces as stimuli, respectively. We further manipulated the head orientation in Experiment 3. Results showed that the face seems to play an important role in the facilitation effect, only when the social information was sufficient, social cues such as head orientation and gaze direction produce the facilitation effect, making the Simon effect smaller or disappeared. Besides, the head seems to be dominant over the eye gaze. The facilitation effect of the gaze direction only occurred when the head looked away from the participants.