考慮產品關聯性下多期產品存貨配置模型之研究─以工業電腦產業為例

Abstract

工業電腦產業由於需求變異大且不穩定，無法達到規模經濟的產量，使得工業電腦產業偏向集中製造、全球行銷的商業模式。然而，由於工業電腦產品種類多，在考量成本效益後，無法全數在顧客端準備存貨。因此，存貨在工廠端與顧客端配置的因素成為企業必須考量的重要課題。一般而言，企業大多以銷售額做為分類的考量。將高銷售額產品的庫存放至於顧客端，而低銷售額產品則統一放置於工廠。 由於資訊產品是經由組裝才能形成最終產品，因此，零件與零件之間會具有一定程度的關聯性。當顧客下訂單時，經常出現將具有相關性的產品同時購買。企業原本希望配至於顧客端的存貨能夠立即的滿足顧客訂單，但是，當具有相關性的產品分別配至於顧客端與工廠端時，卻必須等待工廠端產品出貨才能滿足顧客需求。 因此，本研究將考慮產品間的關聯性，衡量轉換成本、運輸成本與存貨成本，建構一多期產品存貨配置模型以最佳化產品存貨配置。並分析轉換成本、補貨頻率與海空運運費差價的高低，對於存貨配置的影響，並提出本研究的結論與建議。

Because the demand of the industrial PC industry is unstable, it is unable to achieve the level of the economies of scale. This phenomenon causes the industrial PC industry to manufacture centralized and sale globally. Since the industrial PC has a lot of products, it is unable to stock all products when considering the cost and benefit. Therefore, the issue of inventory allocation between factories and DCs is an important issue for a global enterprise. Generally speaking, the enterprise mostly stock the items based on its sales turnover. The product with high sales turnover stock near the customer, but the product with low turnover stock in factory. Because the industrial PC is assembled by many kinds of parts, it has the certain relationship between parts and parts. When customer places an order, he frequently purchases relevant products. Originally, the enterprise hoped fulfills the order immediately by stocking the product near the customer. When relevant products stock separately among factory and DCs due to the cost issue, actually the customer needs to wait for the product stocking in the factory to ship to the DC site in order to meet the customer need. Therefore, this research will construct a multi-period product inventory allocation model considering product relationship, by balancing switch costs, transportation costs and the holding costs. This research also analyzes how switch costs, replacement frequency and the difference of transportation costs between by air and by ocean influence the inventory allocation. Finally, the conclusions and suggestions are pointed.