部屬知覺與主管之關係對其工作福祉之影響─以遵從權威取向及職場友誼為調節變項

Abstract

本研究著眼於職場心理健康議題，主要目的在於了解員工所知覺的主管－部屬關係品質對員工工作福祉所產生的影響，探討員工的主管滿意度、主管和諧度、知覺主管壓力等變項與其工作滿意及主觀幸福感之關聯。此外，本研究分別選擇「遵從權威取向」及「職場友誼」做為內、外部的調節因子，進一步檢視此二變項對於知覺主管關係與工作福祉間的調節效果。本研究以台灣地區各縣市之公、私營企業全職員工作為研究對象，並引用合宜之量表進行量測，共計回收310份有效問卷進行分析。 研究結果顯示，主管與部屬的關係品質對於員工之工作滿意以及主觀幸福感皆有顯著的正向影響。然而，員工之遵從權威取向及職場友誼（同事關係品質）卻大多不具明顯的調節作用；唯員工的同事滿意度對於其知覺主管壓力與工作滿意度的關係具有調節效果，亦即同事滿意度越高，越能促進低主管壓力對工作滿意的正向影響。更重要的是，研究中發現員工之「職場友誼」雖不具備調節效果，卻因對員工福祉有直接影響而更具有實務的應用價值。因此，本研究以員工感受為出發點，強調組織中人際關係的重要性，以提供企業在提升員工福祉與適應時作為管理參考。

Concerning about the issue of occupational health psychology, the present study aims to explore the impact of subordinates’ perceived relationship with supervisors on their work well-being, and to understand the relations among supervisor satisfaction, supervisor harmony, perceived supervisor pressure, job satisfaction and subjective well-being (SWB). In addition, “obedience-to-authority orientation” and “workplace friendship” are selected as internal and external factors in order to examine their moderating effects. Using structured questionnaires, a sample of 310 full-time employees of public/private organizations in Taiwan was surveyed. Results showed that the relationship between supervisor and subordinate was positively related to workers’ job satisfaction and SWB. However, the moderating effects of “obedience-to-authority orientation” and “workplace friendship” were largely not significant, with an exception that co-worker satisfaction moderates the relationship between perceived supervisor pressure and job satisfaction. Moreover, we found that workplace friendship actually had a dominant main effect rather than a moderating effect on work well-being, which made it more valuable for practical application. In conclusion, this research has underlined the importance of relationships in workplace which are pivotal to work well-being of employees, and deserve more attention in management practices.