我國新移民婦女的婚姻暴力求助與受助經驗之研究

Abstract

我國在1980年代開始一波波的婚姻移民潮，台灣男性藉由婚姻仲介或親友介紹與東南亞籍或中國籍女性結婚，這些女性隨即來到台灣定居。然而根據近年來的統計，婚姻移民女性的受暴人數逐年增加，成為一個亟需重視的社會問題，因此探究她們如何在受暴後向外求助，以及我國相關法規與服務輸送如何影響其求助經驗，便是本研究所關注的焦點。 本研究為質性研究取向，深度訪談八位受暴移民婦女（包括中國籍與東南亞籍）與一位社工，作為資料蒐集的方式。最後依照時間序列，呈現出移民婦女在受暴前的生活樣貌、受暴型態、求助非正式支持系統與正式支持系統的經驗。 研究發現多數受訪者在先前的生命經驗中，對於婚姻暴力議題都相當陌生，來到台灣之後亦少有機會重新建立私人網絡或是接觸相關法律與社會服務。受暴樣態除了肢體與精神暴力之外，也普遍會遭受到涵蓋經濟與社交活動的權力控制。受訪者求助的非正式支持網絡有故鄉親友、夫家人、在台親友、鄰居與里長，但這類型的協助大多無法滿足她們想要終止暴力的需求，故遂而轉向求助正式支持網絡。本研究接續討論警政、醫療、社政、司法與移民服務體系在解決移民受暴問題時所扮演的角色，卻發現許多服務者的婚暴處理能力以及文化敏感度都有所不足，而導致對受暴移民婦女的求助做出無效回應。最後，本研究發現近年來相關居留法規的修正，已經確實被運用在實務工作上，以協助受暴移民女性離開施暴者，但其社會福利權將可能是未來亟需要被討論的議題。 根據研究結果，研究者則從服務輸送與政策等兩種層面來提供建議，同時說明未來的研究建議。

More and more immigrant women, mainly from Southeast Asia and Mainland China, have immigrated into Taiwan due to transnational marriage mediated by marriage brokers or relatives since the 1980s. However, according to recent reports the number of victim of intimate partner violence increased dramatically and has became a serious social problem. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the help-seeking behaviors among abused immigrant women as well as how the relevant laws and services respond. This research adopted qualitative research approach to analyze the data obtained from in-depth interviews with 8 abused immigrant women (either from Southeast Asian or Mainland Chinese) and one social worker who is specialized in domestic violence. Eventually, the findings demonstrated their life experiences before the violence, the type of the violence, and help-seeking experiences with informal and formal support systems according to the timeline. This research showed that most participants were rarely aware of intimate partner violence before marriage and hardly able to establish personal networks or to have access to the present relevant laws or social services after immigration. In addition to physical violence and psychological abuse, generally they also experienced financial control and social isolation. In terms of help-seeking, these battered immigrant women firstly intended to seek help from informal support system included the family/friends in the original country or in Taiwan, the husband’s family, and the neighbors /community leaders. Nevertheless, they turned to formal support system due to the incompetence at stopping violence of these informal supports. Unfortunately, evaluating the responses from the police, the medical system, the social assistance department, and the legal and immigration service department, this study discovered that service providers were quite often inefficient because of their lack of professional ability and multicultural competency. Furthermore, this study indicated that although the amended law about immigration has been applied in practice to help some participants get rid of their abusive partner, the social welfare rights of these immigrant women would be the next crucial issue we should consider. In the end, based on the findings above, this study brought up some suggestions to improve the service delivery and relevant policy or systems and then gave advice on future research.