以利害關係人觀點探討社區組織之運作—以牯嶺街書香創意市集為例

Abstract

牯嶺街的書街意象是台灣文化界的重要文化記憶，為了再現昔日牯嶺街舊書市風華，喚醒人們對於當年牯嶺街的回憶和文化風氣，從2000年開始，龍福社區結合社區內的組織和外界資源，共同舉辦二次的書香市集，吸引眾多人潮與關注，2005年結合社區的新舊組織，包括：台大城鄉所與牯嶺街小劇場以及南海藝廊共同舉辦「牯嶺街書香創意市集」，結合年輕創意與懷舊書香，激發出巨大的能量，吸引數萬人參與活動，也帶領出2006年之後，蔓延全台的的創意市集風潮。 研究者作為社區的參與者，策劃、執行市集活動，發現社區組織之間，在歷屆活動的舉辦之下，逐漸產生改變，組織之間的關係從開始的合作、競爭、轉變成衝突，而組織之間的權力的消長與利益的交換，主導了活動的內容，市集的性質，也由地方型的社區活動，轉變成牽扯更多關係組織的都市層級的活動，市集活動的執行，內容與目的日益複雜。 這些組織在平常因為目標的不同，鮮少產生交集，在「牯嶺街書香創意市集」的活動場域中，透過資源的交換，關係的建立，建構出歷屆的「牯嶺街書香創意市集」活動。研究者以Freeman的利害關係人（stakeholder）概念與Bourdieu的社會場域(social field)概念，將這些組織視為市集活動的相關利害關係人，分析市集活動中，利害關係人所擁有的籌碼，市集場域中權力的消長，資本的流動情形，建構出歷屆牯嶺街市集活動中，牯嶺街利害關係人的運作模式、參與情形以及離開原因。

The image of secondhand bookstores of Guling street is the important cultural memory of Taiwan. In order to reproduce Guling street's elegance in the past, Longfu district office combined organizations inside the district and other possible resources to hold the “Guling Street Book Fair” since 2000, and it attracted crowds and great attention. By the time the fair was held again at 2005, the relevant organizations of Longfu district, such as Graduate Institute of Building and Planning of Taiwan university, ' Guling Street Avant Garde Theater,and Nanhai Gallery joined in holding the Guling Street Book Fair, and they combined event with fashion flea market that was rarely held in Taiwan at that time. Unexpectedly, it attracted more people to participate in this event, and made fashion flea market a popular activity in Taiwan since then. As the participant of the fair, the researcher found the relationship between these organizations has gradually changed from cooperation and competition to conflict. This shift affected the fair critically. The research was based on both Freeman’s concept of stakeholder and Bourdieu’s concept of social field. The researcher regards these organizations as stakeholders of the fair, and investigated how these stakeholders took part in these events, and observed the flow of the capital among them in all previous the Guling Street Book Fair.