陳水扁政權的對日政策

Abstract

1972年台日斷交以來，日本政府依據中日建交公報的共同聲明，策定台海政策；台灣與日本之間，轉為以民閒交流為主的實務外交關係李登輝執政時期，是台日關係發展的重要轉折點。李登輝深受個人成長經驗的影響，在總統任內積極強化與日本自民黨的關係，讓台日關係逐漸由原本的民間交流發展至半官方的交往。2000年，台灣出現政黨輪替，民進黨取代國民黨成為新的執政黨，台日關係也進入了另一個重要的轉折點。 本論文依照外交決策理論之三個主要面向進行分析。第一是外部條件與要求之變化，是指是國際情勢的變遷；第二是組織內部的變化，是指決策組織架構之模式；第三是決策者面向，是指決策者本人的思想、創見與決策模式。本論文以客觀的第三者角度（在台日本人），論述陳水扁執政期間台日關係的發展。 一般的外交研究學者在研究日台關係時，都只把焦點放在美日中三國的外交互動上，日台關係只是美日中三角關係的一個環節。極少有研究學者以台灣的角度來研究2000年以後日台關係的變遷與發展，特別是陳水扁的個人特質對台日關係的影響。本研究發現，陳水扁政權對日政策的一大特徵在於：將對日政策建立在對日本統治時期的懷念，以及日本對台灣獨立運動的默許、支持的「日本友好態度」上；並期盼台日之間建立密切、友好的新時代合作關係，以共同對抗中國的崛起，是以理想主義為其出發點，但具備現實主義考量。 此外，陳水扁政權的對日政策上還有一個特點，即一方面以台獨言論向台獨基本教義派靠攏，穩固其權力基礎；另一方面加強推動台日關係，期盼藉由美日在亞太日益緊密的戰略夥伴關係，以及日本國內聲勢日漸高漲的「國家正常化」呼聲，抵抗中國對台獨勢力的打壓，在重視國際關係發展的同時，也不忘國內政情需求。因此，在陳水扁八年政權期間，台灣的對日政策擺盪在理想主義與現實主義、國內取向與國際取向之間。

Since Japan severed official diplomatic relationship with Taiwan in 1972, Tokyo’s decisions on diplomatic policies across the Taiwan Strait have always been based on the Sino-Japanese declaration made when official diplomatic relation established. Between Japan and Taiwan, relationship turned into pragmatic but non-governmental since then. The development of relationship between Japan and Taiwan came to a turning point during the period when former Taiwanese president Lee Teng-hui was in reign. Due to his personal experiences and background influences, he vigorously strengthened the relationship with Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) of Japan, progressively shifted the communication ties between Japan and Taiwan from non-governmental to semi-governmental. In the year 2000, there was a shift of governmental reign in Taiwan, as Democratic Progressive Party （DDP）replaced Kuomitang （KMT）to become the ruling party of Taiwan. This thesis was written and critically analyzed in accordance to the theory of foreign affair strategic decision’s three main orientations. The first is the changes of external conditions and demands, which can be referred to as to international situations and affair changes; the second is the inner changes of an organization, which can be referred to as the model of decision making group’s structure; the third being the decision maker’s orientation, being the decision maker’s self ideology, creative viewpoint and decision making model. In an objective view (Japanese in Taiwan), this thesis also discuss about how the relationship between Japan and Taiwan was shifted during the period of Chen Shui-bian’s reign. General researchers when researching Japan-Taiwan relationship, tend to put their focuses on the diplomatic interactions between US, Japan and China, Japan-Taiwan relationship very often is only seemed as a segment of this triangular relationship. Very seldom is there a researcher using Taiwan’s perspective, to research on the changes and development of Japan-Taiwan relationship since 2000, especially the influences of Chen’s personal characteristic upon this relationship. This research discovered that one of the most important characteristic about the political strategies upon Japan during Chen’s regime being: political strategies were built upon the fond memories of Japanese colonial rule over Taiwan, Japan’s tacit approval of Taiwan’s independence activities, as well as the support over Taiwanese’s ‘friendly attitude towards Japan’; Also holding expectations that Japan and Taiwan can establish a new epoch of cooperative relationship that is close and amicable, to oppose the rise of China. Though idealistically originated, but also endowed with realistic considerations. In addition, there is another distinguishing feature in political strategies upon Japan during Chen’s presidency, which being publicly making Taiwan independence related speeches to remain close with pro-independence faction to stabilize regime foundation; on the other hand, also strengthen Japan-Taiwan relationship, hoping the ever increasing closeness of US-Japan strategic partnership in the Asia Pacific region, as well as the domestic upsurge voices for ‘national normalization’ within Japan, to oppose Beijing’s suppression over Taiwan’s independent influence. While stressing importance over developments of international relationship, domestic political situation demands were not forgotten. Therefore, during Chen’s eight-year presidency, Taiwan’s political strategies upon Japan were swinging between idealist and realistic approach, domestically and internationally focuses.