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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 李水盛 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chang-Cheng Tseng | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 曾建誠 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T00:34:20Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2009-02-10 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2009-02-10 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2008 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2009-01-07 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 1. S. Smyth, A. Heron. Diabetes and obesity: the twin epidemics. Nature Medicine, 12, 75-80 (2005).
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Chaboud, N. Darbour, G. Comte, C. Bayet, Pierre-Noël Simon, J. Raynaud, Attilio Di Pietro, P. Cabalion, D. Barron. Natural and Synthetic benzophenones: interaction with the cytosolic binding domain of P-glycoprotein. Phytochemistry, 57, 553-557 (2001). 27. Pistia-Brueggeman, G. and Hollingsworth, R. A preparation and screening strategy for glycosidase inhibitors. Tetrahedron 57, 8773-8778 (2001). 28. 林憶珊，台灣大學醫學院藥學研究所碩士論文，大葉楠類黃酮成分之研究. 2007, July. 29. A. J. Quillinan and F. Scheinmann. Studies in xanthone series. Part XII. A general synthesis of polyoxygenated xanthones from benzophenone precursors. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 13, 1329. (1973) 30. W. Schmidit and L. Beerhues. Alternatives pathways of xanthone biosynthesis in cell cultures of Hypericum androsaemum L. FEBS. Lett., 420, 143-176 (1997). 31. J. Ferrari, C. Terreaux, S. Sahpaz, J. D. Msonthi, J-L. Wolfender, K. Hostettmann. Benzophenone glycosides from Gnidia involucrata. Phytochemistry, 54, 883-889 (2000). 32. G. M. Kitanov, P. T. Nedialkov. Benzophenone O-glycoside, a biogenic precusor of 1,3,7-trioxygenated xanthones in Hyperium annulatum. Phytochemistry, 57, 1237-1243 (2001). 33. H. Otsuka and K. Kijima. An iridoid gentiobioside, a benzophenone glucoside and acylated flavone C-glycosides from Triterospermum japonicum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 49, 699-702 (2001). 34. J. Li, Y. Jiang and P. F. Tu. Xanthone O-glycosides and benzophenone O-glycosides from the roots of Polygala tricornis. J. Nat. Prod., 68, 1802-1804 (2005). 35. M. Schlitzer. Structure Based Design of Benzophenone-Based Non-Thiol Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 8, 1713-1722 (2002). 36. M. Bhm, A. Mitsch, P. Wissner, I. Sattler, M. Schlitzer. Exploration of Novel Aryl Binding Sites of Farnesyltransferase Using Molecular Modeling and Benzophenone-Based Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors. J. Med. Chem., 44 (19), 3117-3124 (2001). 37. P. G. 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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/41850 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 中文摘要
糖尿病是一種在全世界罹患率逐漸升高的慢性疾病，其目前的治療目標多為降低病患過高的血糖值。在口服降血糖藥物中，其中一類治療藥物是甲型葡萄糖酶抑制劑。甲型葡萄糖酶抑制劑的作用機轉為抑制分佈在小腸的甲型葡萄糖酶將澱粉、寡糖以及雙糖消化成單糖，以此減緩餐後血糖值的升高，達到治療糖尿病的效果。 山欖科植物山欖是一原生於蘭嶼的長青樹種，初步研究發現其葉部甲醇萃取物具抑制甲型葡萄糖酶的活性，經極性分割後，正丁醇和乙酸乙酯可溶部分相對於氯仿層具較高的活性(在100μg/mL的濃度下，分別為97.3 %、87.2 %、41.6 %)。因此本研究著重於丁醇及乙酸乙酯可溶部分之研究。 利用Sephadex LH-20、離心式分配層析及高效液相層析法分離自正丁醇及乙酸乙酯部分得到九個化合物，包含四個Iriflophenone { 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-(1)、2-O-(6-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside-(2)、2-O-[6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside-(3)、2-O-(2,6-di-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside-(7)}及五個黃酮苷：Kaempferol [ 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-(4)與3-O-robinobioside-(5)]、Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside-(6)、Quercetin [ 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-(8)、3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside-(9)]。 經由光譜分析鑑定這些化合物的結構。其中化合物2、3、7是含二苯酮類架構之新化合物，然而其抑制甲型葡萄糖水解酶的活性並不顯著。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease growing in prevalence worldwide. One of therapies to lower blood sugar level is the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity which serves the digestion of starch, oligosaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharide. The methanol extract of leaves of Planchonella obovata (R.Br) Pierre (Sapotaceae), an evergreen shrub, indigenous to Lanyu Island, was found to be active against α-glucosidase. Further study indicated that the n-butanol-soluble and ethylacetate fraction possessed better activity than chloroform layer (97.3 %, 87.2 %, 41.6 % inhibition at 100 μg/mL, respectively). Thus, this study focused on the chemical investigation of these two fractions. Repeated separation of these two fractions over Sephadex LH-20, centrifugal partition chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography led to the isolation of nine compounds. They are four Iriflophenone { 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-(1), 2-O-(6-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside-(2), 2-O-[6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside-(3), 2-O-(2,6-di-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside-(7)}, and five flavonols: Kaempferol [ 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-(4) and 3-O-robinobioside-(5)], Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside-(6), Quercetin [ 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-(8) and 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside-(9)]. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of elaborated spectroscopic analysis. Of these compounds, 2, 3 and 7 represent the first occurrence of such dibenzophenone natural products. Their anti-α-glucosidase activity, however, was not significant. | en |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | 總目錄
口試委員審定書...........................................i 誌謝....................................................ii 中文摘要...............................................iii 英文摘要................................................iv 目錄.....................................................I 表目錄.................................................III 圖目錄..................................................IV 附圖目錄.................................................V 流程圖目錄.............................................VII 目錄 壹、序論..................................................1 1.1 研究目的..............................................1 1.2 植物簡介..............................................2 1.3 Planchonella屬植物成分之相關研究......................4 1.4 糖尿病及臨床治療藥物..................................7 1.4.1 糖尿病簡介..........................................7 1.4.2 糖尿病治療藥物......................................8 1.4.2.1 胰島素............................................8 1.4.2.2 口服降血糖藥物(OHA, Oral Hypoglycemic Agents)....10 1.4.3 α-Glucosidase inhibitors之簡介.....................12 貳、實驗結果與討論.......................................15 2.1 活性測試結果為導向的植物篩選.........................15 2.2 二苯酮苷成分及黃酮苷成分之分離及結構解析.............17 2.2.1 Iriflophenone 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1)之結構解析20 2.2.2 Iriflophenone 2-O-(6-O-Galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2)之結構解析............................................25 2.2.3 Iriflophenone 2-O-[6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3)之結構解析............................30 2.2.4 Kaempferol 3-O-β-galactopyranoside (4)之結構解析...33 2.2.5 Kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside(5)之結構解析..........36 2.2.6 Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside (6)之結構解析.......40 2.2.7 Iriflophenone 2-O-(2,6-di-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7)之結構解析............................44 2.2.8 Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8)之結構解析....49 2.2.9 Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (9)之結構解析..52 2.3 化合物1到9對甲型葡萄糖酶抑制活性試驗結果.............55 2.4 討論.................................................56 2.4.1 化合物1之結構解析與文獻比較........................56 2.4.2 化合物1、2、3、7之結構與甲型葡萄糖酶抑制活性關係的探討.......................................................56 2.4.3 Benzophenone及benzophenone glucopyranoside簡介.....58 2.4.4 二苯酮化合物之相關活性.............................60 2.5 結論.................................................62 參、實驗部分.............................................63 3.1 儀器與材料...........................................63 3.1.1 理化性質測定儀器...................................63 3.1.2 成分分離之儀器及材料...............................64 3.1.3 試劑與溶媒.........................................65 3.1.4 甲型葡萄糖水解酶之活性抑制試驗 (α-glucosidase inhibition assay) 所用試劑與儀器.........................65 3.2 抑制甲型葡萄糖水解酶之活性試驗 (α-Glucosidase inhibition assay)所用試劑與儀器..........................66 3.2.1 原理...............................................66 3.2.2 酵素活性單位.......................................66 3.2.3 實驗方法...........................................66 3.3 山欖葉部成分之萃取與分離.............................69 3.4.1 Iriflophenone 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1)之分離....72 3.4.2 Iriflophenone 2-O-(6-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2)之分離 ................................................72 3.4.3 Iriflophenone 2-O-[6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3)之分離................................73 3.4.4 Kaempferol-3-O-β-galactopyranoside (4)之分離.......74 3.4.5 Kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (5)及Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside (6)之分離..................................74 3.4.6 Iriflophenone 2-O-(2,6-di-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7)、Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8)及Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (9)之分離..........75 3.5 化合物1到9之物理數據.................................76 3.5.2 Iriflophenone 2-O-(6-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2)......................................................76 3.5.3 Iriflophenone 2-O-[6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3)......................................77 3.5.4 Kaempferol-3-O-β-galactopyranoside (4).............77 3.5.5 Kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (5)...................78 3.5.6 Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside (6).................78 3.5.7 Iriflophenone 2-O-(2,6-di-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7)......................................79 3.5.8 Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8)..............79 3.5.9 Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (9)............80 參考文獻.................................................81 表目錄 Table 1. 第一型與第二型糖尿病的比較.......................8 Table 2. 胰島素類似物製劑 (insulin analogues).............9 Table 3. 肺吸入式胰島素遞送系統(Pulmonary insulin delivery systems).................................................10 Table 4 口服降血糖藥物...................................10 Table 5 甲型葡萄糖酶抑制劑...............................13 Table 6. 植物中文名、學名、萃取重量......................16 Table 7. 1H (600MHz) and 13C NMR (50MHz) of compound 1 in CD3OD and the reported data for iriflophenone 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [Acetone-d6+D2O, 500MHz (1H) and MeOH-d4, 126MHz (13C)]............................................24 Table 8. 1H (400MHz), 13C NMR (100MHz) and HMBC correlation of compound 2 (CD3OD)....................................29 Table 9. 1H (400MHz) and 13C NMR (100MHz) data of Iriflophenone 2-O-[6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) (CD3OD)..............................31 Table 10. 1H (600MHz) and 13C NMR (150MHz) data of compound 4 (CD3OD) and the reported data for kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (CD3OD, 600MHz)........................35 Table 11. 1H (600MHz) and 13C NMR (50MHz) data of compound 5 (CD3OD) and the reported data for Kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (CD3OD, 500MHz)............................38 Table 12. 1H (400MHz) and 13C NMR (50MHz) data of compound 6 (CD3OD) and the reported data for Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside (CD3OD, 500MHz)............................43 Table 13. 1H (400MHz), 13C NMR (100MHz) and HMBC correlation of compound 7................................46 Table 14. 1H (400MHz) and 13C NMR (50MHz) data of compound 8 (CD3OD) and the reported data for Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (CD3OD, 600MHz)..........................51 Table 15. 1H (400MHz) and 13C NMR (100MHz) data of compound 9 (CD3OD) and the reported data for Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (CD3OD, 400MHz)........................54 Table 16 化合物1和文獻的碳譜化學位移.....................57 Table 17. Extract rate and amount of Planchonella obovata69 圖目錄 Figure 1. 山欖Planchonella obovata (R. Br.) Pierre. (Sapotaceae)..............................................3 Figure 2. 甲型葡萄糖酶抑制劑.............................14 Figure 3. 甲型葡萄糖酶活性測試結果.......................15 Figure 4. 山欖極性分割後各層對甲型葡萄糖酶活性測試結果...16 Figure 5. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)21 Figure 6. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 1 (CD3OD, 50MHz)22 Figure 7. Key COSY correlation of compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................22 Figure 8. Key NOESY correlation of compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................23 Figure 9. Key HMBC correlation of compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................23 Figure 10. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................26 Figure 11. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 2 (CD3OD, 100MHz)...................................................26 Figure 12. Key COSY correlations of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................27 Figure 13. Key NOESY correlation of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................27 Figure 14. Key HMBC correlation of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................28 Figure 15. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 3 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................32 Figure 16. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 3 (CD3OD, 100MHz)...................................................32 Figure 17. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 4 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................34 Figure 18. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 4 (CD3OD, 150MHz)...................................................34 Figure 19. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 5 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................37 Figure 20. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 5 (CD3OD, 50MHz)....................................................37 Figure 21. Key COSY correlation of compound 5 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................38 Figure 22. Key NOESY correlation of compound 5 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................38 Figure 23. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 6 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................41 Figure 24. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 6 (CD3OD, 50MHz)....................................................41 Figure 25. key COSY correlation of compound 6 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................42 Figure 26. key NOESY correlation of compound 6 (CD3OD, 600MHz)...................................................42 Figure 27. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................45 Figure 28. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................47 Figure 29. Key COSY correlations of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................47 Figure 30. Key NOESY correlations of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................48 Figure 31. Key HMBC correlations of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................48 Figure 32. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 8 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................50 Figure 33. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 8 (CD3OD, 50MHz)....................................................50 Figure 34. 1H-NMR assignment for compound 9 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................53 Figure 35. 13C-NMR assignment for compound 9 (CD3OD, 400MHz)...................................................53 Figure 36. Results of α-glucosidase inhibition assay for compound 1~9..............................................55 Figure 37. 甲型葡萄糖酶抑制活性測驗原理........................................................66 Figure 38. 96孔微量測試盤上各組測試樣品的排列情形.........68 附圖目錄 Figure 39. CD spectra of compound 1 (methanol)................................................87 Figure 40. CD spectra of compound 2 (methanol)................................................87 Figure 41. CD spectra of compound 3 (methanol)................................................87 Figure 42. CD spectra of compound 4 (methanol)................................................88 Figure 43. CD spectra of compound 5 (methanol)................................................88 Figure 44. CD spectra of compound 6 (methanol)................................................88 Figure 45. CD spectra of compound 7 (methanol)................................................89 Figure 46. CD spectra of compound 8 (methanol)................................................89 Figure 49. CD spectra of compound 9 (methanol)................................................89 Figure 50. IR spectra of compound 2.........................................................90 Figure 51. IR spectra of compound 3.........................................................90 Figure 52. IR spectra of compound 7.........................................................90 Figure 53. MS and MS/MS spectra of compound 1 (methanol)................................................91 Figure 54. HR-ESI-MS spectrum of compound 2 (methanol)................................................92 Figure 55. HR-ESI-MS spectrum of compound 3 (methanol)................................................93 Figure 56. MS and MS/MS spectrum of compound 4 (methanol) ...............................................94 Figure 57. MS and MS/MS spectra of compound 5 (methanol)................................................95 Figure 58. MS and MS/MS spectra of compound 6 (methanol)................................................96 Figure 59. HR-ESI-MS spectrum of compound 7 (methanol)................................................97 Figure 60. MS and MS/MS spectrum of compound 8 (methanol)................................................98 Figure 61. MS and MS/MS spectrum of compound 9 (methanol)................................................99 Figure 62. 1H-NMR spectrum compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................100 Figure 63. 13C-NMR spectrum compound 1 (CD3OD, 50MHz)...................................................101 Figure 64. COSY spectrum of compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................102 Figure 65. NOESY spectrum of compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................103 Figure 66. HMQC spectrum of compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................104 Figure 67. HMBC spectrum of compound 1 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................105 Figure 68. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................106 Figure 69. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................107 Figure 70. 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 100MHz)..................................................108 Figure 71. COSY spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................109 Figure 72. COSY spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................110 Figure 73. NOESY spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................111 Figure 74. HMQC spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................112 Figure 75. HMBC spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................113 Figure 76. HMBC spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................114 Figure 77. HMBC spectrum of compound 2 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................115 Figure 78. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 3 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................116 Figure 79. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 3 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................117 Figure 80. 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 3 (CD3OD, 100MHz)..................................................118 Figure 81. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 4 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................119 Figure 82. 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 4 (CD3OD, 150MHz)..................................................120 Figure 83. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 5 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................121 Figure 84. 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 5 (CD3OD, 50MHz)...................................................122 Figure 85. COSY spectrum of compound 5 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................123 Figure 86. NOESY spectrum of compound 5 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................124 Figure 87. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 6 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................125 Figure 88. 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 6 (CD3OD, 50MHz)...................................................126 Figure 89. COSY spectrum of compound 6 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................127 Figure 90. NOESY spectrum of compound 6 (CD3OD, 600MHz)..................................................128 Figure 91. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................129 Figure 92. 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 100MHz)..................................................130 Figure 93. COSY spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................131 Figure 94. COSY spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................132 Figure 95. NOESY spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................133 Figure 96. HMQC spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................134 Figure 97. HMBC spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................135 Figure 98. HMBC spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................136 Figure 99. HMBC spectrum of compound 7 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................137 Figure 100. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 8 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................138 Figure 101. 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 8 (CD3OD, 50MHz)...................................................139 Figure 102. 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 9 (CD3OD, 400MHz)..................................................140 Figure 103. 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 9 (CD3OD, 100MHz)..................................................141 流程圖目錄 Scheme 1. Fractionation of methanol extracts of Planchonella obovata....................69 Scheme 2. Separation process of compounds 1-6 from n-BuOH soluble fraction.......70 Scheme 3. Separation process of compounds 1-3, 7-9 from EtOAc soluble fraction..71 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.title | 山欖葉部之成份研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Chemical investigation of the leaves of Planchonella obovata (R. Br.) Pierre | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 97-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 徐鳳麟,沈雅敬 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 山纜, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Planchonella obovata, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 141 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2009-01-07 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 藥學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 藥學系 | |
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