上水道於城市近代化中的角色變遷-- 以台南水道發展脈絡與轉型為個案研究

Abstract

日據時期，臺灣上水道在日人推動下開始發展與興築，扮演著公共給水的角色，並與城鄉空間關係緊密，影響日據初期市區改正與市區計畫。在爸爾登與濱野彌四郎的帶領下，臺灣於日據末期呈現市鎮皆有水的景象。上水道與城鄉空間的緊密連結，於光復後逐漸被切斷，1974年「臺灣省自來水股份有限公司」成立，陸續合併全台百處自來水事業單位；邁入21世紀，台水公司各項重大工程計劃，多與水庫給水及跨域引水工程有關。自此，水與人、水與城的關係大大轉變，全臺百餘處上水道逐漸失去給水產業功能。 臺灣水資源的供給方式改變，但是日據時期上水道設施仍在，並且隨著各地都市近代化的程度不同，上水道與城鄉關係時時在轉變，也影響各上水道的角色轉變。臺灣於2000年代開始重視產業文化資產之保存，部分上水道在此波保存潮流中，亦獲得重視，得以「文化資產」之角色，重新與外界連結，與地方產生關係與對話。 本研究即探究上水道於城市近代化中的角色變遷，並以台南水道發展脈絡與轉型為個案研究。日據時期台南水道座落於山上鄉，跨區給水予台南市街，加速台南州廳的發展，並影響日據初期台南市街改正，成為型塑近代台南都市結構的線索之一。台南水道與台南市的依存關係，於光復後臺灣逐漸改變，並隨著水資源供給方式的改變，逐漸卸除其產業角色，停止供水。台南水道與台南市關係逐漸斷裂的同時，卻與所在地山上鄉逐漸產生密切的聯繫，並於2000年後面臨上水道設施的保存與再利用的課題，台南水道以新角色重新與城鄉空間產生連結。其規模巨大、土地問題繁瑣、跨縣市協調成本高等狀況，凸顯出台南水道扮演「文化資產」角色的困難性。本研究透過此一案例，可完整窺探台南水道80多年來的脈絡故事與角色轉變，並真實呈現大規模水道設施角色轉型之困境。

Taiwan, having long been referred as a plague-infested outpost. After Japan seized Taiwan, the government actively enforced various modern developments, and building sanitation facilities—including water supplys. Water supplys had effective influences on Taiwanese urban from the initial stage to the middle stage when Japanese government ruled Taiwan. The system of water supply was changing after the recession of Taiwan, and the relationship also changed between water supplys and cities. By observing the course of chang and development of water supply system, this thesis tries to understand the changing roles of water supply, and how they continue to influence the current urban planning, spatial configuration and local environment in Taiwanese cities and countries. This thesis choose Tainan Water Supply as the case study. Tainan Water Supply supplied the clean water and had a great modernity influence on Tainan city when Japanese government ruled Taiwan. In 1973, Tainan Water Supply stoped its original function and changed the relationship with Tainan city. In 2002, Tainan Water Supply was designated the industrial heritage of Tainan, the new role reflected lots new problems of city and water in these years. These points will be elaborated in the thesis.