台灣出口產業中間財貿易之研究

Abstract

過去學界不論是理論或實證文獻多集中於最終財貿易的討論，而在台灣，中間財議題的實證研究更是付之闕如。近十幾年來世界中間財貿易所佔比重快速增加，其肇因與影響才開始受到重視。本文之目的即在以台灣作為實例，探討海外生產的全球操作如何帶動中間財出口貿易。 利用2006年外銷廠商抽樣調查統計資料，並以Logit、Tobit與Heckman樣本選擇模型進行迴歸分析，我們發現當廠商有進行台灣接單海外出貨之操作，以及海外生產中由廠商自行生產的比例愈高者，自台灣進口中間財的機會與供應比率將比交由第三者生產來得高。當廠商以取得交易內部化優勢而為的對外投資，不僅降低了台商向台灣採購中間財的意願，即使決定利用，台灣中間財佔海外生產金額比例也明顯較低。採取對外直接投資的企業以及廠商為製造商者，其海外生產所需中間財由投資母國供應的機會較高。此外，母廠規模、研發密集度、母國與地主國每人GDP差異等變數，雖然統計顯著性不佳，但在方向性上仍支持過去文獻的觀點。台灣接單海外出貨操作之手法、內涵與目的，對我國中間財的出口影響甚巨。

In the past, theoretical and empirical researches have been focusing on trade in final goods. And one, in Taiwan, can find few researches on trade in intermediate goods. The cause and influence of trade in intermediate goods has caught more attention due to its rapidly-increased proportion of world trade in recent decades. This article aims to discuss how the global manipulations of manufacturing drive the export of intermediate goods, taking Taiwan as an example. We employ sampling data on exporter firms in 2006, and conduct regression analyses using Logit, Tobit, and Heckman sample selection models. Some findings are discovered. Firms which operate “receiving orders in Taiwan and producing abroad” and have higher proportion in orders manufactured by themselves tend to import semi-finished foods from Taiwan and greater dollar amount. FDI on the purpose of gaining internalization advantages not only reduces the inclination for component of Taiwan but also lowers the quantity demanded. Enterprises investing abroad directly or classified as manufacturers show higher probabilities to import intermediate goods from parent country. In addition, some variables(eg. scale of parent firm, R&D intensity, difference of GDP per capita between parent and host country, etc.) are not statistical significant in the models though, they show same impact direction with the outcomes of previous researches. The techniques, contents, and objectives of global manipulations have great influences on intermediate exports.