安適幸福感的構念發展與情緒調控機制之探討

Abstract

基於主觀幸福感構念中所定義的情感幸福，乃是依循享樂主義取向的幸福觀所設計，強調個體存在正向情感而不存在負向情感。這個定義僅強調了一般正向情感的重要性（例如：快樂、興奮），卻未能反映華人文化所偏好的幸福感。對此，本研究提出了安適幸福感的構念，以描述此一華人文化所偏好的情感幸福，並將安適幸福感定義為個體經驗到一種內在的平靜與安適。在本研究中，研究者設計了五個子研究，目的在發展可以合理評量安適幸福感的測量工具，以及探索安適幸福感的情緒調控機制。研究一至三除了發展安適幸福感量表（研究一）並建立其信效度指標外（研究二），亦透過比較東西方個體於安適幸福感量表上的得分以作為安適幸福感量表的建構效度檢驗（研究三）。而研究四、五則分別透過經驗取樣（研究四）以及認知取向的Flanker典範（研究五），以探索個體達成內在安適的情緒調控機制。本研究結果發現，安適幸福感量表除了具備良好的信效度外，也透過發現台灣人在該量表上的得分顯著高於歐裔美國人，顯示該量表能反映東方文化特殊性。此外，安適幸福感量表得分較高者相較於得分較低者，傾向上日常生活中經驗到較少的情感變動，也較不容易被正負向刺激干擾，此結果進一步展現了個體會以不同於追求單純享樂情緒的方式來達成內在安適的幸福。

The affective component of subjective well-being has mostly been defined as the presence of positive affect and the absence of negative affect. This definition emphasizes the importance of hedonic pleasure but fails to include the affect valued in Chinese culture. The present study developed the construct of peace of mind to describe the affective well-being valued in Chinese culture. Peace of mind was defined as an internal state of peacefulness and harmony. To develop a measure to assess peace of mind and explore the affect regulation mechanisms for achieving peace of mind, five studies were conducted. Studies 1 to 3 were designed to develop the Peace of Mind Scale (POMS) (Study 1) and to establish its validity as an affective well-being measure (Study 2) on which individuals from Chinese culture should score higher than those from Western cultures (Study 3). Studies 4 and 5 were designed to explore the affect-regulation mechanisms for achieving peace of mind using diverse methods, including an experience sampling method (Study 4) and a flanker task (Study 5). The results indicate that the POMS has good reliability and validity for measuring affective well-being. The cross-cultural validation also found that Taiwanese individuals scored higher on the POMS than European Americans. The results of Study 4 show that people with higher peace of mind tend to experience less affective fluctuation in their daily lives. Furthermore, the results of Study 5 indicate that people with high peace of mind are less likely to be distracted by both negative and positive stimuli.