計程車牌照管制策略之研究

Abstract

計程車乃都會地區重要的運輸工具，無論在運量或產值上皆超過其他大眾運輸工具，如此龐大的產業卻未有效運轉，已造成產業內外沈重的成本負擔，追根究底即是產能利用率低落。故本研究首先檢視歷年計程車牌照管制政策，並探究管制失靈的原因，發現個人計程車未納入總量管制、管制措施無法真正反映需求、營業區域重疊、車輛汰舊換新替補年限過長、存在實質空車額和缺乏合理回收機制等乃為管制失靈主要因素。為深入瞭解問題本質，本研究進行長達一年的產官學界的訪談，配合競爭態勢分析(Strength, Weakness,

Taxi is an important mode of transportation in urban areas. It has more volumes and output values than any other mass public transportation, but the inefficient operation of the taxi industry leads to enormous costs for both the industry and the society. It is low capacity utilization that produces the abovementioned situation. This study aims to examine the taxi regulation policies over the years and explain the reasons of the failure of the regulation. The main reasons of the failure of the plate regulation are: the total numbers regulation does not include personally-owned taxies; regulation measures do not reflect real demands; operational areas overlap; the year limitation of taxi renewal is too long; the lack of reasonable recycling system and the existence of un-operating plates. The study uses the interviews for industries, the government and the academia, and also the SWOT analysis to outline fifteen project evaluation criterions of three dimensions - passengers, industries and the society. Then this study clarifies the criterions causes and effects correlation and reject secondary criterions by using” Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory”. The analysis results reveal that the taxi industry’s key problems are stable and guaranteed income, healthy industrial system and industry receptivity. The taxi industry should besides change original service models, and must reduce the plates to reform industry constitution. This study draws up “buys back all surplus plates once”, “rewards purchasing plates gradually” and “takes back the plates in regulated time,” three plate reduction projects. The study takes the “Analytic Network Process” and “VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje” to evaluate projects and the result reveals that “rewards purchasing plates gradually” is the best project. Finally, this study designs the plate grant machine, plate recycling machine, finance sustainability machine and policy sustainability machine according to equity, efficiency, effect and sustainability. At the same time, we must change the original operation area into a closed one, integrating the taxi management authority, constructing taxi drivers’ career counseling machine, taxi driver education training and etc to completely solve the low capacity utilization problem of the taxi industry.