《日講易經解義》研究──由士大夫《易》學至帝王《易》學

Abstract

《日講易經解義》是清帝康熙習《易》時，翰林院日講官為其所撰寫之講章。 帝王圖治，必由乎學。學必從師。帝王為學，必以人臣為師。然儒生所務與帝王所尚，容有不同。本文以此發想，藉由人臣習《易》文本與帝王治《易》講章之詳讀精校，試圖釐清兩者差別所在，並且探討後者如何由前者蛻化而成。 中國文化之精神偏重於人文。而儒家之抱負，厥在修齊治平。孔門四科雖以德行為首，言語、政事關乎經綸，而文學、德行，又通乎言語、政事。孔學所論，不外乎內聖、外王之道。先秦以降，漢儒講求經世致用，偏於外王一端；宋儒闡明天人性理，著重內聖之學，要之，皆各得孔學之一偏。自有清以來，專事考據，其先雖懸「訓詁明而後義理明」為鵠的，但最終竟昧失其途，與孔學內聖、外王之道相距日遠。今人治經，每視經書為史料，經學之本質乃蕩然無存。本文以帝王《易》學為研究主題，正欲探討其所蘊含之精神，思考其對今後經學發展可有之啟發。

This thesis investigates the features of imperial scholarship on the I-Ching during K’ang-Hsi’s reign (1622-1722). By examining the Daily Lectures on the Yi and K’ang-Hsi Shi Lu, this thesis explores how K’ang-Hsi’s imperial lecturers interpreted the I-Ching, how K’ang-Hsi applied the interpretation to governance, as well as the interaction between K’ang-Hsi and the Classics Colloquium’s lecturers. Traditionally, I-Ching was regarded as a Confucian classic of the theory of life and the theory of the universe. Although I-Ching contains much political philosophy, this political philosophy did not exert great influence on politics until K’ang-Hsi’s reign. As crown prince, K’ang-Hsi studied the Confucian classics since his childhood. Distinct from the emperors of the past, K’ang-Hsi paid great attention to I-Ching’s political philosophy. He demanded the imperial Classics Colloquium’s lecturers to interpret I-Ching in relation to administration of the kingdom.