探討台灣醫療管理者生涯模式與生涯滿意度之影響因素

Abstract

過去研究指出當產業變遷或組織變革時，內部員工的生涯與滿意度皆會產生影響。目前，台灣醫療產業正面臨改變與嚴峻之挑戰，本研究將探討醫院管理者，其人口學特性、工作特性及工作生涯認知對生涯模式與滿意度之影響。 本研究採橫斷面的調查，以結構式問卷蒐集資料，針對台灣地區級以上醫院各科室主管及正副院長進行全面性的郵寄問卷調查，總共寄出1000分問卷，回收有效問卷323份，回收率為32.3%。 本研究分析結果得知（1）人口學特性中的年齡仍為影響生涯模式與滿意度之主要因素，醫院主管年齡越長者越不傾向轉換行業並且滿意度較高。（2）工作特性的工作回饋性使得主管們不易轉換行業，而工作特徵及工作自主、挑戰性讓主管們有較高的滿意度。（3）工作生涯認知中，管理者在35歲前的工作經驗是影響其未來生涯模式選擇最重要的因素，此外，能夠與各種不同人共事的能力、想要達到成果、以及應變變遷的能力對生涯滿意與否皆有重要的影響力。 本研究建議雖然相較於國外研究台灣醫療管理者的生涯模式仍屬穩定且不易變動，對於生涯有相當滿意度。但隨著產業變遷，管理者若能具備高度應變能力並及早累積不同工作經驗，對於未來競爭環境有正面影響。 建議未來研究者能擴大研究對象，並進一步探討其他的影響因素；並可採縱貫性研究方式，期望能更完整的反映生涯轉變的持續性與相關性。

Previous researches indicated that when there were industrial transformation or organization reformation, employees' career pattern and level of career satisfaction would be affected. Today, health industry in Taiwan is undergoing a critical transformation. The aim of this paper is to explore and to understand how Taiwan hospital administrator’s demography, job characteristics and career recognitions in influencing on the career pattern and the satisfaction level. This cross-sectional study focused on the administrators and the presidents of Taiwan’s hospitals. 1000 questionnaires had been mailed, 323 valid responses were returned; the return rate was 32.3%. The result showed: (1) In demography, age played a major role in determining the career pattern and satisfaction. Study showed administrators who were prone to follow traditional career would gain higher satisfaction as age increases. (2) In job characteristic analysis, job feedback was a major factor which made administrators stay in their career. Job functions, job autonomy and challenges also had great influence on job satisfaction. (3) In career recognition, various work experiences earlier in administrator’s life was the most important factor to influence career pattern. Furthermore, the ability to work with people with different background、the need to achieving results and the ability to dealing with changing would were also considered as important factors to affect the career satisfaction. According to the result of this study, it showed that even though healthcare industry is undergoing transformation, today's administrator’s career pattern remains secure and steady, they also had great satisfaction. If administrators could develop the ability to deal with changes and earlier hectic work experiences, it would have a positive influence in adjusting to future competitive work environment. For the further study, we not only suggest expanding the sample size, but conducting a longitudinal study, as it would provide an advantageous look at the relation of career pattern transformation.