利用影像學資料建立台灣人由長骨推論身高相關性之公式

Abstract

無名骨骸屍經由殘骨推論此遺骸身高能提供人身鑑定更多線索，有助於提高人身鑑定正確率；此外，長骨與身高相關性也是法醫人類學重要議題，但是目前並無台灣人長骨與身高的相關研究與數據。 本研究目的為建構台灣成年人不同性別四肢長骨長度與身高推估相關性公式，無償提供給法醫相關從業人員及法醫人類學研究使用，用四肢長骨估算人體身高，提高台灣在刑事案件或大災難上人身鑑定的成功率。 本研究經國立台灣大學附設醫院倫理委員會審理通過後開始進行(案號：201503070RIND)，影像資料來源自2005年1月至2014年12月，在國立臺灣大學附設醫院照攝Plane X-ray個案的影像資料庫，收集20歲以上有身高測量數據無明顯骨骼病變台灣成年男女之四肢長骨影像，包括左右側humerus、radius、ulna、femur、tibia及fibula影像再由RadiAnt DICOM Viewer軟體分別測量上述長骨之最大長度。 本研究共收集206人樣本的影像資料，其中男性有127人、女性79人，男性平均年齡為61.87歲、女性均齡為58.14歲，全部個案均齡為60.01歲。研究結果顯示：同一人同一長骨左右側長度差距不大，humerus、radius、ulna、femur、tibia、fibula左右長度平均差分別為1.8mm、1.9mm、2.1mm、0.4mm、1.2mm、0.4mm；在方法信度上，採用Plane X-ray影像資料經由RadiAnt DICOM Viewer軟體讀取之信度非常高；我們建立了由humerus、radius、ulna、femur、tibia及fibula推估身高的78個公式，在方法效度上，對左上肢humerus、radius及ulna的7種身高推估公式做分析，效度分析結果顯示，上肢長骨不論是單一或混合組合，都是實用的身高推估樣本。 本研究，我們建立了台灣人由測量上肢長骨長度推估身高的公式，可獲得具方法信度與效度的上肢骨骸身高推估數據，這些公式將有助於法醫人別鑑定。

Residual bones of an anonymous corpse can provide useful information on individual identification and improve identifying accuracy. The relation between long bone and height is also an important issue on forensic anthropology. There's no any study and data about the relation between long bone and height in Taiwan. This study aimed to develop formulas to predict height of different genders by using human long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula of both sides) of adult Taiwanese, and improve the successful rate of individual identification of victims in criminal cases and disaster in Taiwan. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (Docket number：201503070RIND). The plain X-ray datum were obtained from database of National Taiwan University Hospital from January 2005 to December 2014. 206 patients of both genders over 20 years old (average age：60.01 years old) including measured height and without obvious bone disease were collected (127 males, average age：61.87 years old; 79 females, average age：58.14 years old). The maximum long bone lengths were measured by RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software. There was no apparent length difference in long bones between both sides. The mean difference of humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula is 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.1mm, 0.4mm, 1.2mm and 0.4mm, respectively. We established 78 formulas to predict height. The reliability was consistency (very close to one). There was good performance when we used humerus, radius and ulna of left upper limb to validate seven predicting height formulas. In conclusion, we construct reliable and valid formulas to predict height by long bones of upper limb among Taiwanese. These formulas are helpful on individual identification in forensic science.