供應鏈彈性供應合約的議題分析

Abstract

彈性供應合約對於供應鏈整合有極大的益處，提升了供應鏈的效率，為供應鏈整合提供了完善的機制。在林林總總層出不窮的彈性供應合約中，對於不同產業的適用性為何，許多名稱不相同的彈性供應合約有何相同、相異之處，在彈性供應合約中還有什麼有趣的議題值得人們探討？ 本文針對這些問題試圖找出結論，並採用生產成本特性來分析。將近年來提出的數量彈性合約做一番探討，藉由產業特性分析彈性合約的適用性，只要深入瞭解一個產業的特性，就可找出適用的彈性合約形式，為未來新興的產業或尚未採用彈性合約的供應鏈系統做準備。 本研究將已有的數量彈性供應合約以生產成本角度分為四大類，分別為不論數量為何，平均成本不變的數量彈性合約，時間彈性合約；以及平均成本隨數量改變的選擇權合約與其變化型，再以四個產業特性指標分析其適用性，並探討半導體產業是否適合採用彈性供應合約。最後提出供應鏈中買賣雙方的談判區間指標，做為簽訂合約數量時的參考，成為廠商採用何種商業策略的依據。

Flexible supply contracts bring about many advantages in supply chain integration. They not only enhance the efficiency of supply chains but also provide sufficient mechanisms to supply chain coordination. Among so many forms of flexible supply contracts, it is useful to compare the similarities and dissimilarities among them and to find out other interesting issues. This thesis focuses on the questions above and tries to find the answers, by analyzing them based on the viewpoint of production cost. It discusses recent flexible supply contracts and analyzes the fitness of contracts with industrial characteristics. If the characteristics of an industry are known, the suitable form of supply contracts can be selected. This study classifies flexible supply contracts into four categories with the view of production type, such as quantity flexible contracts, time-flexible contracts, option contracts and hybrid contracts, analyzes the fitness of the four types of contracts with industrial characteristics, and discusses if the semiconductor industry is a suitable environment for flexible supply contracts. Finally this study provides reference measures for determining order quantity of a contract for both the buyer and the supplier as a basis of choosing business strategies.