地方政府與產業群聚之治理網絡關係：桃園縣招商政策與光電產業之案例分析

Abstract

基於全球化的衝擊，中央政府於是授權地方政府，要求其承擔財政責任與提升自主能力，故地方產業招商成為一條可行的道路，在此背景下，不能再由傳統公共政策過程規劃招商政策，必須注入行銷概念以補強政策效度。此外，在經濟全球化過程中，大量同類型或聯繫密切的企業高度集中於某特定地區，展現強大的競爭優勢，諸如外部經濟與規模經濟、利於創新等，因此建構產業群聚成為國家、區域和地方政府提高地方產業競爭力的關鍵。然而，地方招商與產業群聚缺乏相關理論做連結，故本論文藉由網絡治理、利害關係人等概念予以串連，希冀發展出理想的地方產業群聚治理網絡關係。 本文輔以桃園縣招商政策與光電產業群聚案例加以說明，該案例在本論文進行檢視中具有豐富的意涵，結合策略性地方行銷、鑽石模型架構與網絡治理等相關學理之探討，形成本論文檢證的結論。 研究結果發現，桃園縣光電產業群聚的形成是時空背景與偶然事件所造成的，具有高度的歷史依存性，其群聚優勢展現在土地與水電供應等生產因素、中小型面板需求市場增加、關鍵零組件供應完整，以及專供中小型面板生產之策略，惟桃園縣招商政策並非產業群聚形成的關鍵因素。桃園縣政府的招商政策雖受到中央政府干預與牽制甚深，然而在行政效率的表現相當優異。至於桃園縣光電產業群聚的治理網絡關係，政府與企業的關係相當密切，然而公民社會的角色較為薄弱，若能致力於產業群聚落地生根，將可提升公民社會角色，進而達成互利共生的地方政府與地方產業群聚之治理網絡關係。

Due to the surges of globalization, the central government in Taiwan has devolved the financial responsibilities as well as autonomy to local governments. Thus, the promotion of local investment has become a way to achieve these goals. Under such circumstances, the investment promoting policy cannot be made by the traditional policy-making and should increase perspectives of marketing to improve the effectiveness. In the meantime, the density of similar and closely-connected companies is extremely high in specific regions. These industrial clusters bring edge on innovations, externality and scale economies. Therefore, constructing the industrial clusters becomes the key of raising competitability in countries. However, the theories of local investment promoting and industrial clusters are relatively overlooked in the current literature. For this reason, this thesis completes the current literature by developing a network of local industry cluster governance through linking together network governance and stakeholder concepts. Furthermore, this thesis employs a case study of local investment promoting policy and the optoelectronics industry in Taoyuan. This case has plentiful materials for local marketing, diamond model, and network governance analyses. The empicial findings indicate that the formation of the optoelectronics industry in Taoyuan is caused randomly. The advantages of clusters include convenient acquisition of factors of production, small and medium size panel demand increase, complete supply chain and the successful strategy of production. However, the Taoyuan investment promoting policy is not the major cause of the formation. The Taoyuan investment promoting policy is seriously influenced by the central government, yet it performs excellent administrative efficiency. Concerning the network governance of Taoyuan optoelectronics industrial clusters, the local government highly cooperates with companies, while the civil society is relativey weak in this relation. If the participant companies take root in the city, the actor of civil society will have a chance to increase its importance. Therefore, the ideal relation of network governance between local government and industrial clusters will be achieved.