中庸思維對拿捏行為與心理適應的調節效果

Abstract

「在不同情況下，個體達到特定目標的合宜行為」是拿捏概念的核心想法。西方的觀點認為，拿捏行為者能在跨情境下展現合宜的社會行為，因此，拿捏行為有利於個人的心理適應。然而，拿捏行為與心理適應的關係還需考慮「監控機制」所帶來的影響。個體用來監控拿捏行為的主要思維往往影響了拿捏行為的展現，良好的監控機制才能導致拿捏行為與心理適應的正向關係。而西方研究對於此「監控機制」的討論是較少的。因此，本研究的主要目的在於探討監控機制對於拿捏行為的重要性，並且認為以「中庸思維」當做拿捏行為的監控機制將有助於個體的心理適應狀態。本研究採團體施測的方式請參與者填寫問卷，進行兩個實徵研究來探討中庸思維對拿捏行為與心理適應的調節作用。研究一使用「策略—情境適配度」當作拿捏行為的測量指標，並預期策略—情境適配度與中庸思維有交互作用。然而，迴歸分析顯示策略—情境適配度與中庸思維的交互作用未達顯著，研究一的假設未得到支持。研究二則修正策略—情境適配度在本土概念上的不足，並以華人重視的情緒調節策略，忍，作為研究二中拿捏行為的測量指標；並且預期「中庸思維」對「忍耐的拿捏行為」與「心理適應」有調節作用。迴歸分析的結果顯示，中庸的調節作用在心理適應指標上得到部份的支持，研究二的交互作用趨勢圖顯示，高拿捏的情況下，如果個體具備中庸思維，則此人的心理適應較好；而高拿捏的又低中庸的情況則顯示個體的心理適應是比較差的。此結果顯示了中庸思維對於拿捏行為的重要性，高拿捏者尚須具備中庸思維才有良好的健康狀態。文章的最後則針對本研究的限制與不足提出討論，並對後續研究提出可能的建議。

The primary feature of Self-handing behavior is “to express appropriate behavior in various situations”. Though previous studies regarding Self-handing behavior have already pointed out that Self-handing behavior is associated with psychological adjustment, however, the essential “monitoring mechanisms” underlying Self-handing behavior had yet to be explored. We suspected that Zhong-Yong thinking style could be one of the monitoring mechanisms, and it should bring about positive outcomes of Self-handing behavior. We postulated that people with high Self-handing behavior and high Zhong-Yong thinking would end up with better psychological adjustment. Two studies were conducted to examine the moderating effect of Zhong-Yong thinking style over Self-handing behavior on psychological adjustment, Study 1 used “strategy-situation fit” as Self-handing behavior index, but did not support the hypothesis. In order to rule out the possibility that scenarios used in Study 1 may not take the participants’ cultural background into account, study 2 used “Ren (忍, forebearance) questionnaire”- which is more indigenous by nature, to index Self-handing behavior. Results of regression analysis showed that there was a significant interaction effect of Zhong-Yong thinking and Ren Self-handing behavior in predicting psychological adjustment. It partly supported the moderator hypothesis for Zhong-Yong thinking style. That is, compared to people with high Ren Self-handing behavior and low Zhong-Yong thinking, people with high Ren Self-handing behavior and high Zhong-Yong thinking have higher level of psychological adjustment. It shows how Zhong-Yong thinking style plays a crucial role for Self-handing behavior-more Self-handing behavior is good for us if only we are also prone to think in a Zhong-Yong way. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were also discussed.