社會取向、組織文化及組織公民行為關係之探討

Abstract

本土化研究逐漸受到重視的當下，華人文化在組織行為研究中仍然相當缺乏。社會取向是華人社會中特有的文化價值觀，為個體融入或配合其社會環境的一套生活適應方式，包含家族、關係、權威、及他人等四個次級取向。本研究以台灣大陸兩岸共35間企業與902名員工為研究樣本，採取跨層次模式驗證個人社會取向對於組織公民行為的影響，與組織文化的跨層次調節效果。研究結果發現：社會取向與組織公民行為具有部分的正向關連，其中包含權威取向與順從盡責、關係取向與利他行為、以及他人取向與組織公民行為。組織文化向度中，尊重員工削弱權威、他人取向與利他行為的關係，強化家族取向與利他行為的關係；績效導向削弱家族取向與利他行為、他人取向與順從盡責的關係；保守導向則強化家族取向與利他行為、權威和他人取向與順從盡責的關係、卻削弱他人取向與利他行為的關係。此外，績效導向組織中員工的利他行為較高、保守導向組織中員工的順從盡責較低。最後，針對本研究的主要研究發現與研究限制進行討論，並說明本研究之未來研究方向與管理實務意涵。

The indigenous approach becomes more important recently, but the research about Chinese culture is still received less attention in the OB field. Social orientation (SO) is the social cultural values an individual holds in Chinese society, with four dimensions: familistic-oriented, relationship-oriented, authoritarian-oriented, and other-oriented. Using a sample of 902 employees from 35 Taiwan and Mainland China organizations and adopted a cross-level model to examine the effects of individual SO on employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the cross-level moderating effects of organizational culture. The results showed that SO had partial main effects on OCB, including authoritarian-oriented on altruism, relationship-oriented on general compliance, and other-oriented on OCB. One dimension of organizational culture, respect for employee, weakened the relationship between authoritarian- and other-oriented and altruism, but strengthened the relationship between familistic-oriented and altruism. Another dimension, performance-oriented weakened the relationship between familistic-oriented and altruism and other-oriented and general compliance. Conservation-oriented strengthened the relationship between familistic-oriented and altruism, authoritarian and other-oriented and general compliance, but weakened the relationship between other-oriented and altruism. Furthermore, we found in performance-oriented organizations, the altruism was higher, and conservation-oriented organizations, the general compliance was lower. Finally, the contributions, limitations and future research direction are also discussed.