華人的幸福感來源與其結構分析之初探

Abstract

幸福感是一個多面向的概念，目前的幸福感測量仍是基於研究者自身的學術理念，在不同的哲學觀點下，提出不同的幸福成分或類別。本研究認為若能透過一個客觀的幸福感來源結構分析，將可觀察到一些更為基本的特徵或屬性，並說明各成分之間相同或相異的關係。而根據此研究所發展的幸福感量表則具簡約性、普遍性與涵蓋性的優勢。研究一收集281位參與者的幸福感來源，各提供五件個人經驗過的幸福事件，經歸類後共得到19個幸福感來源。研究二將這些來源由另一群174位參與者進行卡片分類作業，分類結果由加性樹狀（additive tree）結構法來表徵，結果得出「自我成長」、「人際互動」、「身心平穩」、「休閒活動」、「正向情緒」、「外在環境」以及「生活滿意」等七個群聚，前三者與心理幸福感定義的內容相近，後四者則相近於主觀幸福感的定義。此結果可用來表示個體在這七個向度的重要程度與滿意程度，可作為幸福促進或改善的依據。研究三接著探討這19個幸福感來源對個人的重要性，結果發現，在性別和年齡上，前三名和後三名的幸福感來源相當接近。最後，本研究將針對前述三項研究結果進行綜合討論。

Well-being is a multi-faced concept, and researchers study this concept by different approaches. We adopted a bottom-up approach from collecting sources of well-being among participants in Taiwan by online questionnaires. Study 1, participants were asked to list five things that they were experienced. 281 participants showed 1376 well-being events after deleting personal trait or philosophies descriptions. Authors performed a qualitative analysis to develop a typology and found 19 major sources. Study 2, 174 participants were asked to categorize 19 well-being sources in their own way. Results show that Chinese well-being categories can be grouped into seven clusters; they are under the rubric “eudaimonia”, “positive relatedness”, “physical and psychological balance”, “leisure activities”, “positive emotion”, “environment”, and “life satisfaction”. Study 3, participants same as study 2 performed sources of well-being ranking tasks in order to their importance. First three important sources and last three not important sources are the same cross different gender and age groups. Potential theoretical and practical applications were discussed.