室內低造價循環水養殖白蝦系統設計研究

Abstract

摘 要 近年來傳統室外白蝦養殖因疾病問題，養殖成效大受影響，養殖成功率無法預估。流水式養殖的廢污排放亦對於週遭水體環境產生重大衝擊。本研究以低造價設備、本土化材料及簡易式環境管理的原則，設計一室內循環水白蝦養殖系統，以低造價室內全年養殖用溫室的環控能力，探討在不同的操作參數設計下，最佳操作管理技術及養殖成果，以達到生物全年穩定生產之環境造成的目標。 結果顯示，單位水體積設施成本為7518元/m3，單位水體積產量為4.2 kg/m3，系統換水率1.6 ％/day，單位產量總用水量為0.71 m3/kg。溫室環控能力方面，冬季低溫時系統水溫最高可高於外氣溫達7℃；春季高溫時，可有效將水溫控制於32℃以下。系統水處理單元設計方面，於放養密度400 P/m3、0.46 m3/m3毛刷配置密度所提供86.5 m2/m3硝化比表面積條件下，單位毛刷配置密度去除總氨氮率平均為48.3 ％/m3/m3，氣泡柱去除總氨氮平均效率則為25.9％。 證明本研究循環水白蝦養殖系統以養殖槽、毛刷沉澱硝化槽、簡易微細氣泡生成裝置與氣泡柱組成，為一可行養殖工程設計。

Abstract Traditional outdoor culture of Litopenaeus vannamei has been highly affected by diseases in recent years and the survival rate has been unpredictable. The pollution emission of traditional culture also highly influences the surrounding aquatic environment. This research designs an indoor recirculating Litopenaeus vannamei culture system based on the principles of lower equipment costs, local materials and simplified environmental management, and uses the environmental control ability of greenhouse indoor all-year-round culture to seek for the best operation management technique and its cultural results under different operation parameter designs to achieve the goal of finding the causes of the environment providing constant biological production all year round. Outcomes show the system cost per cubic meter water quantity is NT$7518/m3, the production per cubic meter water quantity is 4.2kg/m3, the water changing rate is 1.6 %/day and the total water usage per kilogram production is 0.71 m3/kg. In the greenhouse environmental control aspect, system water temperature can be as high as 7℃ higher than outside air temperature during low temperatures in winter; and during high temperatures in spring, water temperature can be effectively controlled under 32℃. In the system water treatment unit design aspect, under the conditions of a cultural density of 400 P/m3 and a biological filter density of 0.46 m3/m3 providing a nitrifying specific surface area of 86.5 m2/m3, average TAN reduction rate per unit biological filter density is 48.3％/m3/m3, average TAN reduction efficiency of bubble column is 25.9%. Above proves that this research, forming a recirculating Litopenaeus vannamei culture system using a culture trough, a biological filter bed, a simplified microbubble generating device and a bubble column, is a feasible culture engineering design.