區域性自來水物質流之研究-以台大校園為例

Abstract

台灣雨量豐沛，卻因地形與氣候之因素，使得水資源相當有限。過去三年(民國91至93年)的限水問題，引起了社會的關注。因此，如何能有效的善用水資源是當前重要的課題。本研究將物質流分析(Material Flow Aanlysis)方法應用在自來水系統之研究，以了解自來水在人類生活圈的流量與流向，檢視人類生活圈使用水資源的問題，進而提高自來水之供給與需求的效率。 本研究以台大校園校總區為實際調查之對象，分析與估計校園用水物質流之概況。分析結果顯示，民國93年台大整年度的用水量為2,019,520噸，其中以提供基本生活用水為主要用途，佔總用量的53.7%(包含學生宿舍)，實驗用水佔14.9%、游泳池體育館佔3.8%、綠地澆灌佔4.2%。另外，表差與幹管漏水等無效用水量則高達23.3%。 就用水效率來說，從校園自來水入水口到各館舍內之用水器材而被有效利用之效率僅76.7%。換句話說，校園內漏水應是浪費水資源的主因。因此除了改善用水設施、換裝節水設備、改進浪費的用水習慣外，管線的維護與監督用水情形，並結合雨水中水系統的設計，才能有效提高自來水的使用效率，使區域性自來水物質流能更趨於循環與永續的目標。

In order to be effective in developing a public water system island-wide, water supply corporations were established. Genearlly, the efficiency of water usage determines the investment benefits and operational cost of the water supply system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of water supply within the main campus of National Taiwan University. The method of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) was employed. Based on the results, about 2,019,520 tons of water was utilized in 2004, whereas 60.4% was for general use, 14.9% for laboratory. Overall, 23.3% of the utilized water was inefficiency. Water leakage within the water supply system was the primary factor resulting in this inefficiency. Several approaches, including the installation of water saving equipments, maintaining water pipeline regularly, supervising water usage, speeding up the establishment of Rainwater and Greywater reclamation system, were proposed to help to improve the effectiveness of water supply.