低魚粉及零魚粉飼料對黃錫鯛成長之影響

Abstract

黃錫鯛成長快、疾病少，為台灣商業化養殖鯛科魚類之一。魚粉為傳統上養殖魚飼料主要蛋白質來源，近年來用以製成魚粉之鯷魚、鯡魚及沙丁魚捕獲量不斷下滑，造成世界魚粉產量暴跌與養殖漁業規模日增使得此魚粉價格不斷攀昇，就經濟上與海洋資源保護上的考量，勢必以其他蛋白質來源取代魚粉。本研究分為兩部分。 實驗一:對照組以60%魚粉為飼料蛋白質來源，實驗組則於飼料中添加20-25%大豆粉與15-20%玉米蛋白等植物性蛋白質來源及10%磷蝦粉、各1-5%血粉與羽毛粉等動物性蛋白質來源取代魚粉，分為六組，探討對黃錫鯛成長之影響。經過42天飼養，飼料中添加25%大豆粉、20%玉米蛋白、10%磷蝦粉、各1%血粉與羽毛粉組之增重率與飼料效率和對照組無顯著差異。實驗結果顯示飼料中魚粉含量可由60%降至15%對黃錫鯛成長無影響。 實驗二:以實驗一之60%魚粉飼料為對照組飼料，重複試驗實驗一實驗組飼料中成長狀況最佳之15%魚粉飼料並更進一步於零魚粉飼料中補充血粉、羽毛粉、魚油與第一磷酸鈣，分為三組，測試其對黃錫鯛成長之影響。飼養42天後，零魚粉組之增重率與飼料效率和對照組無顯著差異。結果顯示補充以上原料後，飼料中魚粉使用量可由15%降至0%對黃錫鯛成長無影響。

Silver sea bream (Rhabdosargus sarba) is one of the mariculture sea breams in Taiwan, which grows fast and has high disease resistance. Fishmeal is traditionally the main protein source in mariculture feeds, but a slump in fishmeal production and an increasing demand for formula feeds for mariculture has resulted in the rising costs of fishmeal. It is necessary to replace fishmeal in feeds by using other protein sources. This study was divided into two trials. In the first trial, the control diet contained 60% fishmeal as protein source in the diet and other five experimental diets contained 20-25% soybean meal, 15-20% corn protein, 10% krill meal and 1-5% blood meal and feather meal each. After 42 days of feeding, the experimental group fed diet contained 25% soybean meal, 20% corn protein, 10% krill meal and 1% blood meal and feather meal each had no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency rate with the control group. Therefore, the content of fishmeal in diet for silver sea bream could be lowered from 60% to 15%. In the second trial, we used the 60% fishmeal diet in trial 1 as the control diet and test the 15% fishmeal diet in trial 1 once more to check its effect on growth performance of fish. Furthermore, we reduced the content of fishmeal in diet from 15% to 0% by supplying blood meal, feather meal, fish oil and Ca(H2PO4)2. After 42 days of feeding, the experimental group fed non-fishmeal diet showed no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency rate with the control group. Therefore, in this study it is suggested that the content of fishmeal in diet for silver sea bream can be reduced to zero with no decrease in growth.