目標物數量對注意力瞬盲之調控

Abstract

在必須對兩目標物辨識及報告時，當兩目標物的時間間距為兩百至五百毫秒，對第一目標物的正確反應會影響到對第二目標物的反應，此一現象稱之為注意力瞬盲。有許多模型企圖對此現象提出解釋。在本研究中，垂直操弄目標物的可能數量，以釐清各不同模型。實驗一的結果顯示當第一目標物與第二目標物均來自較少的可能性時，會減輕注意力瞬盲的現象。在實驗二中，藉由直接告訴受試者可能的目標物來進一步降低在可能性少時的注意力需求量。結果顯示當兩目標物均來自較少的可能性時，注意力瞬盲現象消失。實驗三則要求受試者對第一目標物做快速的按鍵反應以增加注意力需求量，結果在所有情況中均有注意力瞬盲現象出現。現有模式均無法解釋本研究之結果，注意力瞬盲現象有待未來研究提供解釋。

When two targets are to be identified and reported, the performance of the second target (T2) is deficient when it occurs 200-500 msec after the first target (T1), and it is called the attentional blink (AB). Several models have been proposed to account for this phenomenon. To test these different models, the number of possible targets was orthogonally manipulated. The results from Experiment 1 showed attenuation in the AB magnitude when both T1 and T2 came from a small set size (SS). The attentional demand was reduced in the small set-size condition by giving instructions of possible targets in Experiment 2, and no AB was found. An immediate response to T1 was added to increase the attentional demand in Experiment 3, where AB was found in the SS condition. None of the existing models could explain the results. Further studies are needed to understand the AB phenomenon.