東亞鳥類生物多樣性熱點之選擇與分析

Abstract

生物多樣性熱點的選擇與分析對於進行保育區的選擇有相當大的助益。本研究以100×100 km網格劃分東亞地區鳥類分佈圖層，比較(1)所有物種豐富物、(2)狹佈種豐富度、(3)瀕危種豐富度、以及(4)互補法四種方法所選擇的生物多樣性熱點網格相關性；更進一步討論，不同分類群其物種多樣性之空間相關性，以及屬豐富度及科豐富度是否能夠作為物種豐富度之指標物種。 研究結果發現，不同方法所得到的生物多樣性熱點彼此之間相關性不高，以互補法所選取之熱點在相同之面積下較能包含較多之物種，且屬豐富度和種豐富度間具有相當高之相關性。因此，不同方法所得到的生物多樣性熱點難以互相替代。在進行保護區選擇時，可優先考慮狹佈種以及瀕危種為對象，而且若能應用互補法，則能夠使同樣面積擁有最大物種數，使保育工作更有效率。若在野外調查種豐富度有其困難時，可考慮以屬豐富度來代替種豐富度。

The selections and analyses of biodiversity hotspot are critical for establishing protected areas. Using a 100×100 km grid system of bird breeding ranges in East Asia, I compared the spatial correlation of biodiversity hotspots selected by (1) total species richness, (2) limited-ranged species richness, (3) endangered species richness, and (4) complementary method. Furthermore, I examined the distribution of species richness of various avian orders and families and the correlation among species richness, genus richness, and family richness. I found that there were low spatial correlations among biodiversity hotspots selected by different methods. With same area, the hotspots selected by complementary method covered more species than other methods. There were high correlations among species richness, genus richness, and family richness. I conclude the hotspots of total species, limited-ranged species, and endangered species were not congruent with each other. In selecting protected areas, hotspots of limited-ranged species and endangered species should be given priorities and using complementary method could maximize the species covered by a given area and increase the efficiency of protected areas. Genus richness could be a good surrogate of species richness if obtaining species richness is difficult for field investigation.