華人社會中男女大學生生活目標、生涯自我效能及親子互動方式之關係

Abstract

本研究旨在控制不同性別大學生親子互動方式的影響，探討華人生活目標與生涯自我效能之間的關係。首先，從儒家文化觀點，重新分析親子關係中分離個體化概念在華人社會的本土意涵。接著探討不同性別參與者，對生活目標的投入程度與其生涯自我效能之間的關係，以及親子互動方式對生活目標、生涯自我效能的影響。本研究以台灣大學學生288名為研究對象，以紙筆問卷方式收集資料。研究結果顯示：1. 男、女大學生在親子互動方式、對生活目標投入程度以及生涯自我效能等方面均有部分達到顯著差異。2. 男、女大學生投入的縱向、橫向生活目標分別和生涯自我效能之間呈現正相關，並有不同的顯著情形。3. 整體而言，女大學生對生活目標的投入程度與其生涯自我效能，均分別受到親子互動方式的影響，情感性互動與之呈現正相關，權威性互動與之呈現負相關。4. 根據男、女大學生投入的縱向、橫向生活目標與其親子互動方式、生涯自我效能之間的相關型態，發現對男大學生來說，縱向目標和生涯發展的關係高於橫向目標，而女大學生的這兩類目標均與生涯發展有顯著的關係。5. 要瞭解華人生活目標與生涯自我效能之間的關係，必須要排除掉親子互動方式的影響。本研究採用淨相關統計法進行分析，發現女大學生生活目標和生涯自我效能的正相關係數呈現一致的下降，男大學生則較不受到影響。

Life goal, Career Self-efficacy and Parent-child Interaction among College Students in a Confucian Society Mei-Shu Liao Abstract This study is aimed to study the relationship between life goal and career self-efficacy by ruling out the influence of parent-child interaction. First, the meaning of separation-individuation in Chinese society was reanalyzed from a perspective of Confucian culture for manifesting its indigenous implications. Furthermore, the relationship between levels of involvement in life goal and career self-efficacy and how parent-child interaction can influence them were examined for participants in different gender. The data were collected from 288 students of National Taiwan University by means of a paper-pencil questionnaire. Results indicated that: 1. Male and female college students showed significant differences in patterns of parent-child interaction, levels of involvement in life goal and career self-efficacy. 2. Male and female college students’ levels of involvement in vertical and horizontal life goals were positively correlated with career self-efficacy to different extents of significance. 3. Female college students’ levels of involvement in both types of life goal and career self-efficacy were influenced by patterns of parent-child interaction: Affective interaction is positively correlated with both, while authoritative interaction instead is negatively correlated with both. 4. Involvement in vertical life goal was found to be relevant to career self-efficacy, but not relevant to horizontal life goal for male college students. As for female college students, both types of life goals were found to be relevant to career self-efficacy. 5. In order to assess the relationship between involvement in life goal and career self-efficacy, partial correlation analysis was conducted to eliminate the effect of parent-child interaction, the results indicated that the coefficients of positive correlation between life goal and career self-efficacy decreased consistently for female college students but there was no such a consistent decrease for male college students.