從永續營建的觀點檢視台灣協力營造案例實踐經驗

Abstract

永續營建是對人類居留地做整合性考量，包括了幾項議題：一、綠色資材－營建材料上的廢棄物減量、再利用與再生的考量；二、綠色能源－建築物生命週期使用能源的最小化考量；以及三、綠色社會價值觀－建立關注地方永續發展的行動體制與社區營造內容。 這些均需要政府有效整合行政資源，調整為協助地方進行由下而上的人類居留地營造行為。 本研究參酌國際永續營建組織所提建言，回歸地方發展行動探討，以不同的自力營造案例，瞭解地方營造發展之成就及其可能面對之瓶頸，與隨時間發展而納入之新議題。歸納在營建技術上，有兩種取向，ㄧ為發展簡化之營造材料與組裝技術，二為以簡單、低度器械使用，鼓勵人人皆可參與，使用最原始的四肢勞力技術。兩者皆需以營造工地進行駐地設計與營造。在營建材料上，由於對營建技術採取的方向不同，會影響所選取之使用材料。在組織運作上，委託者與建築營造專業者為運作之核心人物，其態度取向影響空間營造的策略與實際執行成果。在政策角度上，政府應能有較宏觀、開放與彈性之輔助政策，將民間團體與義工納入彼此合作機制，鼓勵永續營建價值觀的教育；此外，除了建立補助弱勢居民的經濟制度，同時也要慎防管理不當，造成弱勢者過度依賴的不正確價值觀。

Sustainable construction is an integrated consideration of the human settlement, including several objectives：1. green material－reduce of the construction waste、reuse and recycle, 2.green energy－minimize the energy of building life cycle, and 3.green value of the people－set up the strategy and action plan and the community building contents. All these need to adjust the resources of the government into local region, and turn to encourage construction behavior from the bottom to top in the human settlement. This study refers to the advice proposed by the international construction institute, discussing the different development actions of the self-construction from local, to understand the achievements 、barriers and the new developing subjects from time. To sum up, from study there are two ways of the construction skills, one is developing the simple construction materials to assemble the building, the other is to use hand and less use of the big machine, encouraging everybody to participate in the building process. Two of both are designed and constructed in the building site. In the constructive material, the selecting will depend upon the direction from construction skills. In the group’s action, the clients and the professional architects and artificers are the key persons which attitudes will affect the strategy and achievements of the spacial construction. In the institutional aspect, there should be a more general､open and flexible cooperation mechanism, involved of the NGO and the volunteers, encouraging sustainable construction education. In addition, when subsidize the economic weaker, we should take carefully not weakening their ability and result in a mistake.