中國古代男色文學研究

Abstract

本文先討論「男色和「同性戀」的相關論述，讓讀者了解這兩種觀念的差別何在，並且解釋為何將「同性戀」一詞探討中國古代的男色習俗並不妥當，然後將從最早的歷史與文學記載入手，並著重於明清的文學思潮和男色風氣。接著，本文將會詳細地探討《紅樓夢》中的男色情節和人物、賈寶玉的性別問題、以及曹雪芹對男色之「情」的獨特詮釋 (包括「情」的互為主體性)。曹雪芹延伸了明代馮夢龍的「情本論」，展現其所主張的「情」亦可以存在於兩個男性之間，同時，他也解構了男色的「主體/客體」的權力關係。除此之外，本文試圖進一步闡述《紅樓夢》對男色文學的創新、曹氏與脂評對男色的態度和評價、以及比較《紅樓夢》與陳森的《品花寶鑑》中的男色世界。總而言之，倘若要研究中國古代的男色風氣，曹雪芹在《紅樓夢》中所表現的反傳統思想及獨特的筆法是不可忽視的；若將之放在整個男色文學的脈絡裡，則更值得欣賞。

This thesis first presents the various relevant discourses on the differences between 'homoerotic' and 'homosexual,' explaining why it is inappropriate to use the term 'homosexual' in relation to homoeroticism in pre-modern Chinese literature. Then, the author discusses the evolution of the male homoerotic literary tradition in China, laying emphasis on the Ming-Qing period. Next, the author thoroughly discusses the homoerotic elements and characters throughout Cao Xueqin's novel 'Dream of the Red Chamber,' Jia Baoyu's gender issues, and Cao's radical interpretation of 'qing' (passion), most notably its intersubjectivity. Cao extended Feng Menglong's 'Cult of Passion' from the Ming period by showing that 'true passion' can also exist between two males, while at the same time deconstructing the 'subject/object' power relationship that had been present in nearly all homoerotic literature up until that time. Furthermore, this thesis attempts to explore the new elements that Cao added to the genre of homoerotic literature, as well as his own -- and that of his primary commentator, 'Red Inkstone's -- appraisal of same-sex relationships. Finally, the author makes a comparison between 'Dream of the Red Chamber' and Chen Sen's 19th century homoerotic novel 'A Precious Mirror for Judging Flowers' (Pinhua baojian). By placing 'Dream of the Red Chamber' within the entire socio-historical and literary context of homoerotic literature in pre-modern China, it is even more worthy of admiration