地理資訊系統在地圖概括化地名選取之應用 ─以宜蘭縣及桃園縣為例

Abstract

繪製地圖者的主觀意識往往對繪圖成果造成影響。傳統繪圖作業中，對地圖資料的取捨是一項非常主觀的工作，缺乏明確的標準，導致地圖概括化(map generalization)作業有極大差異。地名，是地圖中的重要資訊項目，而地圖上之地名數量訂定及選取即含有高度的主觀成分。

地名選取是地圖概括化的重要一環，本研究試圖利用地理資訊系統(GIS)發展地名選取的模式，以建立一套客觀的地名選取原則。根據人口密度及區域特性，筆者分類出山地型、鄉村型及都市型三種地名選取類型，利用Töpfer的方根定理(radical law)決定不同比例尺之地名選取數量，並結合地理資訊系統之空間分析功能，經由地名相關圖層空間因子分析，設定適合的地名選取順序。測試結果顯示GIS選取結果與聯勤製圖廠出版五種比例尺地形圖之人工選取方式相似，提供未來地圖繪圖及縮編作業在地名選取方面之客觀的參考依據。

The production of maps is often influenced by mapmakers’ subjective decisions. This problem is even more ostensive in traditional mapmaking. There were no clear criteria for mapmaking; cartographers selected the mapping data on the basis of arbitrary preferences. This resulted in great differences during the course of map generalization. One quintessential example was that the selection of place names and the numbers of place names to be put on maps were arbitrarily determined by mapmakers. This paper seeks to use the geographical information system (GIS) to develop a model for objective selection of place names. Based on population density and regional characteristics, I categorize my research areas into three types: mountain, village and urban. The ideal numbers of place names for each different scale of maps are calculated according to Töpfer’s Radical Law. The spatial analytical functions of GIS are then adopted to prioritize the precedence of place names on various scales of map. The result indicates that the GIS-selected name list is similar to that selected manually by C. S. F. publishing five kinds of scale maps. The findings of this research provide an example of how future selection of place names can be conducted with more objectivity.