技術軌跡發展之時間落差探討：以全球與美國智慧電網領域之專利為例

Abstract

本研究探討技術軌跡(Technology Trajectory)發展之時間落差(Temporal Gap)，以全球與美國智慧電網領域(Smart Grid)之專利為例。分析對象為2001/01/01至2010/12/31智慧電網領域之專利，並藉由萃取高被引專利、建立書目耦合對(Bibliographic Coupling, B.C.)引文網絡、滑動視窗和Girvan-Newman群集分析等技術分別產出全球與美國的科技軌跡圖。研究結果顯示，全球和美國科技軌跡的關係可依其前沿發展之時間落差定義為全球與美國兩個前沿在同一主題上之平均公告日落差，並區分為三類：並行發展、美國領先和全球領先。第一類“並行發展”定義為在科技發展時間落差上，全球與美國之科技前沿(Technology Front)無任何落差，含有「自動價差交易」、「電力線通訊系統」與「隨建即連RSI網路」等主題；第二類“美國領先”定義為在科技發展時間落差上，美國領先全球，尤以「在多伺服器下的動態用電與負荷管理」這個主題時間落差最大，美國(2006年4月)領先全球(2006年8月)四個月；而第三類“全球領先”則定義為在科技發展時間落差上，全球領先美國，尤以「電子交易資訊」這個主題時間落差最大，全球(2005年1月)領先美國(2004年4月)九個月。

This study aims to compare the gap of technology fronts between the United States (U.S.) and the global nations in the smart grid field. Highly cited patents were collected from 2001/01/01 to 2010/12/31 and then were analyzed through bibliographic coupling (B.C.) method, sliding citation window, and Girvan-Newman clustering for being converted into a global technology trajectory map as well as a U.S. one. Results show that the temporal relationship between a global and a U.S trajectory can be classified into three types based on the average issue date of a technology front: parallel development, U.S. frontrunner and global frontrunner. “Parallel development” defines as the technology development is the same both in the U.S. and the global nations which covers the “Automatic Spread Trading”, “Power Line Communication System”, “Ad hoc RSI Network” and etc.. “U.S. frontrunner” defines as the technology development of the U.S. is faster than the other global nations including the topic of “Dynamic Power and Workload Management for Multi-server” where the U.S. (April, 2006) emerged earlier for four months than the global (August, 2006). “Global frontrunner” defines as the technology development of the global nations is faster than the U.S. containing the topic of “Electronic Auction Information” in which the global (April, 2004) emerged earlier for nine months than the U.S. (January, 2005).