名和異跳螳 (Amantis nawai (Shiraki, 1908)) 翅的二型性：台灣地區名和異跳螳雄蟲具有不同翅型

Abstract

Yamasaki (1980) 指出台灣地區的名和異跳螳 (Amantis nawai (Shiraki, 1908)) 雄蟲為長翅型 (macroptera)，但日本卻只有微翅型 (microptera) 雄蟲存在，因此認為台灣與日本的名和異跳螳應屬於不同物種。實際上，台灣同時具有長翅型及微翅型雄蟲的分布。我們發現兩種翅型雄蟲不僅外表形態 (除了翅膀) 類似、生殖器形態也幾乎沒有差別，而且共域、分布季節重疊，更重要的是長、微翅型雄蟲子代可出自同一對親代。以粒線體 COII 序列建構的親緣關係樹、長、微翅型雄蟲間的族群分化指數 (FST = 0.040)、及遺傳距離 (D) 均顯示不同翅型雄蟲間並無分化的情形出現。我們的試驗結果指出不同翅型名和異跳螳雄蟲應為同一物種，這是螳螂目第一次紀錄到翅的二型性現象。以鄰接法及最大簡約法建構的親緣關係樹符合地理分布，名和異跳螳可分為五個族群，包括台灣北部 (N)、西北部 (NW)、西南部 (SW)、東部族群 (E) 及日韓 (JK) 族群，粒線體 COII 序列分析顯示日韓與台灣的名和異跳螳屬於同一物種，且與台灣東部親緣關係最近。台灣地區各族群間的遺傳分化極大 (FST = 0.684-0.741)，可能因為本試驗捕捉的螳螂個體多為散佈能力不佳的微翅型所致。

Yamasaki mentioned that male Amantis nawai (Shiraki, 1908) (Mantodea: Mantidae) is micropterous in Japan while macropterous in Taiwan. Based on different wing morphs, Yamasaki suggested that A. nawai in Taiwan and Japan should be classified into different species. However, this study reveals that micropterous and macropterous males in Taiwan are sympatric, and the offspring of both forms come from the same parents. Phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) sequences do not distinguish the two wing morphs. Fixation index (FST = 0.040), and genetic distance (D) reveal no or little differentiation between different wing morphs. This result suggests that macropterous and micropterous male A. nawai in Taiwan belong to the same species. This is the first record of wing dimorphism in Mantodea. According to phylogenetic trees, and geographic distribution, A. nawai were separated into five populations, including north region (N), north-west region (NW), south-west region (SW), east region (E) of Taiwan, and Japan-Korea region (JK). Molecular analyses support the notion that A. nawai in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea should be the same species. Moreover, A. nawai of Japan-Korea region are more related to the eastern population of Taiwan. Fixation index (FST = 0.684-0.741) indicate that the four populations in Taiwan are highly differentiated. It may result from most collected samples are microptera with limited dispersal ability.