健康飲食的內化動機: 你相信就可以做到

Abstract

目的:本研究希望探討內化動機 (self-concordant health goal) 是否可以作為健康飲食者預測健康飲食行為的中介，並且調節自我控制資源消耗的情況(ego depletion)對於健康飲食行為的影響。設計:研究一以問卷的方式收集了220個大學生樣本。研究二收集了121個大學生樣本。研究者先把受試者歸類為內化動機組(self-concordant goal)和非內化動機組(non-self-concordant goal)之後，再把受試者隨機分配到其中一個實驗情境組別。在自我控制資源消耗組，受試者需要完成一個改良過的刪除數字作業，並且遵從比較困難的規則。相反的，被分配到對照組的受試者只需要簡單完成刪除數字作業即可。主要測量: 自陳式的健康飲食者認同程度、健康飲食行為和內化動機程度(研究一);受試者試吃洋芋片(克)的量(研究二)。結果: 研究一的結果發現內化動機是健康飲食者預測健康飲食行為的中介。研究二發現擁有內化動機的受試者可以緩衝資源消耗而導致吃較多洋芋片的影響。內化動機的調節效果主要來自於用有內化動機的人可以降低資源消耗導致吃洋芋片較多的影響。結論: 內化動機可能可以做為抵抗自我控制資源消耗的保護因素，尤其是在健康飲食方面。建立內化的目標或許對於節省自我控制資源是個有效的方法。未來的健康促進方案或許也可以嘗試設立以內化動機為主題的活動。

Objective: To investigate whether self-concordant health goal (SCG) would mediate the effect of healthy eater identity and moderate the effect of ego depletion on individual’s healthy food choice behaviour. Design: Study 1 surveyed 220 undergraduates by questionnaires. In study 2, undergraduates (N=121) were classified as either self-concordant or non-self-concordant goal group and were randomly assigned to one of the experimental conditions. In the ego depletion condition, participants completed a modified crossing-out task that required them to adhere to difficult rules whereas participants in the control condition completed the task without any constraints. Main Measures: Self-reported healthy eater identity, food choice behaviour and SCG (study 1); amount (gram) of potato chips consumed (study 2). Results: In study 1, SCG partly mediates the effects of one’s healthy eater identity on his or her healthy food choice behaviour. In study 2, participants with SCG could buffer the effect of ego depletion that leads to consuming more potato chips. Moderation occurred primarily through the reduction of the effect of ego depletion on potato chips consumption among participants with SCG. Conclusions: Self-concordant health goal may serve as a protective factor against self-control failure especially in the aspect of healthy eating. Developing goals that are self-concordance appear to be one effective method to conserve strengths and may be useful for future health promotion programs.