土肉桂葉子精油及其成分應用於防黴紙之研製

Abstract

為了確保紙質製品之使用壽命及品質，防黴藥劑處理是常用的方法之ㄧ，因此，本試驗選取9種植物葉部精油及其主要成分，進行防黴性的篩選，然後將紙張以防黴效果較佳的精油及成分分別予以浸漬處理，再進行室內放置、加速老化試驗及加速耐光試驗，並評估紙張的性質變化。本試驗所選取之植物包括，5種化學品系（桂皮醛型、桂皮醛-桂皮乙酸酯型、伽羅木醇型、樟腦型及混合型）的土肉桂(Cinnamomum osmophloeum)、錫蘭肉桂(Cinnamomum zeylanicum)、山肉桂Cinnamomum insularimontanum）、陰香(Cinnamomum burmani)、過山香(Clausena excavata)等葉部精油；而成分則包括，Cinnamaldehyde 、Linalool、Camphor、Cinnamyl acetate、Bornyl acetate、3-Phenylpropionaldehyde、Eugenol、1,8-Cineol、Safrole、Borneol、Terpinolene等，分別對其進行防黴試驗。試驗結果顯示，9種精油中以桂皮醛型及桂皮醛-桂皮乙酸酯型土肉桂精油對黴菌Aspergillus niger、A. terreus、Chaetomium globosum、Penicillium citrinum、Trichoderma viride有良好的抑制效果，精油成分則以Cinnamaldehyde的防黴效果最佳，其效果比常用的防黴燻蒸劑Thymol更好，對於5株黴菌的半數抑制濃度（IC50）皆小於62.5 μg/cm2。 宣紙及道林紙以2％桂皮醛型土肉桂精油及2％桂皮醛之乙醇溶液浸漬後的防黴紙能完全抑制5株試驗黴菌的生長，且2％桂皮醛型土肉桂精油及2％桂皮醛並不會影響宣紙及道林紙之顏色與紙張的pH值；至於紙張力學性質，經2％桂皮醛及2％桂皮醛型土肉桂精油浸漬之宣紙及道林紙的抗張指數及耐摺強度有顯著下降。另外，2％桂皮醛及2％桂皮醛型土肉桂精油浸漬之宣紙及道林紙進行室內放置16星期、加速老化288 hr及加速耐光400 hr後，紙張性質的經時變化與未浸漬的宣紙與道林紙相近。此外，精油及其成分具揮發性，因此，使用桂皮醛及土肉桂精油浸漬之防黴紙時，防黴紙可能有防黴性短效及紙力下降的特性，應根據防黴紙使用時的環境及用途加以選擇使用。

Treating paper products with anti-mildew compounds is one of the common methods for prolonging their service life. Thus, in this study the anti-mildew properties of papers treated with several plant leaf essential oils selected and their main components were evaluated by anti-mildew assay. The essential oils and their main components with anti-mildew activities were further used for the paper dipping treatments and the paper properties was examined by using indoor exposure test, accelerated aging test and artificially accelerated lightfastness test. To screen the essential oils and constituents having great anti-mildew property, leaf essential oils from five chemo-types of Cinnamomum osmophloeum (cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde-cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type, and mixed type), Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum insularimontanum, Cinnamomum burmani, and Clausena excavate and their major constituents (cinnamaldehyde, linalool, camphor, cinnamyl acetate, bornyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, eugenol, 1,8-cineol, safrole, borneol, terpinolene) were investigated by anti-mildew assay. Results from the anti-mildew assay revealed that cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde -cinnamyl acetate type of C. osmophloeum leaf oil had great inhibitory effects on the growth of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma viride among the selected essential oils. Cinnamaldehyde had better inhibitory effects on the growth of five mildews than other constituents tested and even better than the popular fumigation, thymol. IC50 (Median inhibition concentration) values of cinnamaldehyde against five mildews were all ＜ 62.5 μg/cm2. Anti-mildew papers manufactured from Xuan and wood free paper and they were dipped in 2％ ethanol solution of cinnamaldehyde type of C. osmophloeum leaf oil and cinnamaldehyde. They inhibited the growth of five mildews tested completely, and there is no significant difference in the color variations and the pH value were observed in comparison with the untreated papers. As for paper strength properties, the changes of tensile index and folding endurance of both Xuan and wood free paper after dipping in 2％ cinnamaldehyde and 2％ cinnamaldehyde type of C. osmophloeum leaf oil were comparatively lower than the untreated papers. In addition, the changes in paper properties of both Xuan and wood free paper after indoor exposure for 16 weeks, accelerated aging test for 288 hr, and accelerated lightfastness test for 400 hr were almost similar to those of untreated papers. Furthermore, essential oil and its compound evaporated easily. Therefore, this study reveals that anti-mildew papers can be manufactured by using leaf oil of C. osmophloeum and cinnamaldehyde with papers without affecting the color and pH value. Howerver, we should take account of the environment and the purpose, since they might have shorter anti-mildew activity and lower paper strength prperties.