中國大陸中央政府與私營企業之關係

Abstract

本文試圖從發展型國家理論所強調之「政府－企業關係」著手，從中國大陸中央政府與私營企業之關係為切入點，深入研究當代中國所謂「具中國特色之社會主義市場經濟」之本質，與現今中國私營企業主階層的發展現況。 政策是研究中國政商關係的首要關鍵視點，藉由探討私營企業相關政策的沿革可了解中國政商關係改變之趨勢，隨著全球化的強大浪潮，中國政府也逐漸建設起健全的私營企業發展環境，政商關係亦日漸法制化、透明化。此外，與私營企業發展息息相關的各式組織，如工商行政管理局、中華全國工商業聯合會與溫州行會等，亦隨著時代改變了過往角色定位。 私營企業主階層同樣隨著中國私營經濟的崛起而茁壯成長，並轉向政治領域發展：入黨、參選人大政協與地方基層選舉，中國經濟精英勢力逐漸轉向政治菁英由此可見一斑，私營企業主階層與其他階層所擁有的資源日趨懸殊，此貧富差距問題亦成為中國社會現今不得不面對之難關。

“the government - enterprise relationship” that this thesis attempts to emphasize from the developmental state theory sets about, it is breakthrough points from the relation between the central government in China's Mainland and private enterprise, further investigate the essence of the socialist market economy with distinct Chinese characteristics in contemporary China, with the development present situation of Chinese private entrepreneur's stratum now. The policy is to study primary key viewpoint of trader's relation of the Chinese policy, can understand the trend that trader's relation of Chinese policy change with the evolution of probing into the relevant policy of private enterprise, with the strong tide that is globalized, Chinese Government builds development environment of private enterprise gradually, trader's relation of the policy also legalizes, transparence day by day. In addition, various types of organizations go mature, for instance State Administration for Industry and Commerce , between All-China Federation of Industry & Commerce and Wenzhou guild ,etc., have also changed the passing role. Private entrepreneur's stratum grows up strong and sturdy with emergence of China's private economy, and turn to the political field and develop: Join the party , participate in the election of CPPCC and local elections at the basic level, the economic elite's force of China turn to political area gradually, the resource of private entrepreneur's stratum and other strata is becoming more different, this question of gap between rich and poor also becomes the Chinese society’s difficulty.