我國橋樑工程職業災害預防管理對策

Abstract

摘要 依據行政院勞工委員會統計我國全產業重大職業災害死亡人數，由86年的535人，降至93年的308人，降幅達到42%，但自94年起死亡人數又由93年最低點308人上升至374人，又由我國94年全行業死亡人數分佈圖可知營造業之死亡人數居全行業之冠，且在我國營造業死亡千人率，和各先進國家比較下，我國高居各國之冠，在92年我國高出英國將近4倍，和鄰近的日本相比又高出多達7倍之多，可見我國在降低職業災害的努力上仍需加把勁 本研究經由分析及調查探討橋樑工程施工時所可以引起之墜落及物體倒塌崩塌危害，提供因應之改善對策，以有效防止職業災害發生，並以行政院勞工委員會網站所提供之85年至94年之職業災害案例與行政院勞工委員會北區勞動檢查所95年之職業災害案例為研究對象進行分析。 經由分析橋樑工程不同施工法之下部結構及上部結構所可能引起之墜落及倒塌崩塌危害來源，並提供對應之改善對策後，以深入的進行防災策略的擬定，將危害來源阻斷，並將因應之改善對策落實到整個施工階段。 以行政院勞工安全委員會目前施政的目標及方向，點出目前降災的使命與任務，經由檢查重點項目及危險性工作場所審查的指引，讓勞檢單位能貫徹主管機關的施政理念，以教育訓練來將本研究成果介紹與營造商提升其對危害辨識的能力及改善對策，並使勞檢單位檢查員能透過本研究對橋樑工程知識能有些許的提升，來共同為降災而努力。

Abstract According to the Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yuan，it was indicated that the fatalities of all occupational industries of Taiwan, by 1997 years were 535 people, and dropped to 308 people in 2004, the range of fall achieved 42%. But, in 2005 the fatalities increased to 374 people from 308 people in 2004. and then, in 2005, the fatalities of construction industry is the highest among all occupational industries. Comparing the mortality rate of construction industry of Taiwan to that of the other developed countries, Taiwan was also the highest. For example : In 2003, the mortality rate of construction of Taiwan was 4 times of that of United Kingdom and 7 times of that of Japan. Apparently more efforts should be done to reduce the occupational accidents. This paper is to analyze and investigate the hazard of the fall and the collapse during the process of bridge construction, providing the strategies of safety management and preventing the occupational accidents. Besides, This paper is also regarded the cases, which were provided by the Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yuan Taiwan and Northern Region Inspection Office, as a researching objects to analyze hazard prevention. After analyzing the causes of the fall and the collapse, which are probably resulted from substructures and upper structures construction of different bridges, and providing the strategies of safety management which can thoroughly made a plan on disaster prevention to interdict the causes of hazard, and then carry it out in whole bridge construction. The goal and direction of the Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yuan shows the mission and errand of disaster reduction. Through inspection of the important items and the guide of inspection of hazard construction site follow out the policy of Controlling organization, By means of the education and training, this research results can help constructors to increase their ability to recognizes the occupational hazards , and to do the strategies of improvement, and also the inspectors are able to obtain the relevant bridge construction knowledge from this research to reduce the occurrences of the occupational accidents.