刑事被告通譯協助權利之探討─以歐洲法為中心

Abstract

刑事訴訟程序係以溝通為基礎，其目的在於真實發現以及保障人權，然若被告屬不通法庭語言者，其將無法於程序上進行溝通，防禦權也無法充分的行使，刑事被告此時即淪為程序上的客體而非主體，是以應使用通譯進行協助，架設溝通之橋樑，以使被告能獲得該刑事控訴的資訊並能在法院前表達自己對於整件控訴的看法和意見，如此方得充分行使防禦權。 國際公約保障刑事被告享有受通譯協助的權利並不少見，然在我國通譯協助的地位並非被告權利而僅為法院程序上的工具，是以我國有必要捨棄現行對於通譯協助的思維而以被告之保障為出發點來重新建構通譯協助權利保障體系。 本文借鏡於歐洲法，立基於刑事被告具有通譯協助權利之立場而作論述，除了詳述通譯協助權於刑事訴訟程序上的要求及內涵之外，並擬舉出在此要求及內涵下的制度面建置的建議，蓋本文認為若欲完整保障不通法庭語言被告之通譯協助權利，除了須探討在刑事訴訟程序上的要求及內涵之外，並有賴於相關制度的建置，以免使該權利淪為空殼，也唯有如此方能建立完整的通譯協助權利保障體系，以求兼顧刑事訴訟法真實發現與保障人權之目的。

Criminal procedure is based on communication, and the goal is to discover the truth and protect the human rights. But if a criminal defendant can not understand or speak the language used in court, he/she will have difficulty in communication and could not exercise his/her other procedural rights, so he/she should accept the assistance of an interpreter for free, so as to build the language bridge between he/she and the court, and this will enable him/her to have knowledge of the case against him/her and to defend himself/herself, notably by being able to put before the court his/her version of the events. Many international conventions guarantee the right to receive the free assistance of an interpreter. But interpreter are deemed a pure procedural tool in our country- not belong to an procedural rights of a criminal defendant. Therefore, we should rebuild the ideal protection system of the right to receive the free assistance of an interpreter. This thesis will refer to the european law, and consider the assistance of an interpreter is a right of the criminal defendant. The detail character of the guarantee and the construction of the relevant selecting or training rules will be discussed in the following text. I believe that in order to guarantee the right to receive the free assistance of an interpreter, we should discuss not only the character of the right but also the relevant selecting or training rules, then we could rebuild our protection system of the right to receive the free assistance of an interpreter and the goal of the criminal procedure will be fulfil.