企業特性與競爭策略之研究-以電子零組件通路A公司為例

Abstract

在全球化及快速變化的商業環境中，競爭策略的擬定已經成為企業永續發展的重要關鍵。但是該如何擬定適合該產業與企業的競爭策略與競爭者相抗衡？或該如何發展持續性的競爭優勢？則是所有經營者所關心的議題。 本研究以電子產業供應鏈中的零組件通路業者為研究標的，探索台灣電子零組件通路產業的發展概況，與通路業者所擁有的企業特性，並在資訊透明化及交易虛擬化等詭侷多變的商業環境中，探究企業該如何應變並脫穎而出成為該產業的領導者？所以，本研究將以探究企業特性為基礎，並考量企業所處環境壓力後，再依企業的特性與優勢發展有利於本身的競爭策略來面對快速變化的競爭環境。 本研究架構依學者提出的資源基礎理論為基礎，並歸納出電子零組件通路產業的關鍵特性如：人力資源、品牌資源、代理產品線的強弱、代理產品線的完整性、通路運籌能力及資訊科技能力等。依上述歸納的企業特性及環境壓力後，提出四個競爭策略：「低成本策略」、「國際化策略」、「技術導向的差異化策略」、「垂直整合策略」。 不同行業之企業特性及所處環境的差異極大，所以，本研究歸納的企業特性與各項環境壓力之分析及建議採用之競爭策略僅適合於電子零組件通路產業。另外關於競爭策略的落實與企業經營績效的觀察分析則有待後續研究者的持續追蹤與研究。

In this business world with globalization and fluctuations, competitive strategy has become a crucial factor for eternity of enterprises. However, how to establish compatible tactics and business strategy to compete rivals? Or how to develop consistent competitive strengths? Those are the most important issues all entrepreneurs concern. This research targeted at the electronic components distributor, exploring its general situation of development and business properties；discovering that how the enterprises can perform outstanding and be the lead in this dramatic and treacherous business environment. Therefore, the research based on exploration of enterprises characteristics and own strengths plus the consideration of the pressure under business environment, founding the competitive strategy to face the rapid changing competition condition. The structure of the research founded on Resource-Based Theory, and generalizes a conclusion the key identities such as Human Resources, Branding resources, product lines, networking and logistic services, and technology resources. According to the statement, there are four business strategy have been brought up, including globalization strategy, low capitalized cost, Tech-driven differentiation strategy, and vertical integrated strategy. Because of the greatest variations business environment and own properties between different industries, the competitive strategy that conclude analysis of business characteristics and stress circumstances this research brought up, suggested only apply to compatible industry (electronic components distributor). In addition, the follow up pursuer will continue the consistent research of business competitive strategy implementation and analysis of administration achievements observation.