抽菸對人體呼出氣體中揮發性有機物質的影響

Abstract

呼氣分析為非侵入性之生物偵測方法，呼出氣體中戊烷被視為氧化壓力指標如同尿液中8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)。抽菸會明顯增加人體氧化壓力，因此本研究以年長抽菸者為對象，觀察抽菸對呼出氣體揮發性有機物和尿液中8-OHdG的影響。 本研究為縱貫式方法，收集受試者（8位抽菸者,8位非抽菸者）呼出氣體和尿液樣本每天早上一次，並紀錄抽菸者每天的抽菸量、上次抽菸的時間、喝酒習慣、服用維他命習慣。另外針對抽菸者採集長時間禁菸下（至少7小時）的呼出氣體。呼氣樣本用採樣袋收集，以複合床熱脫附採樣管來濃縮呼出氣體中揮發性有機物，運用熱脫附儀配合氣相層析質譜儀來進行分析。尿液樣本以酵素免疫吸附分析8-OHdG濃度。統計方面採用混合型模式(Mixed-effect model)校正固定效應和隨機效應後，比較抽菸者和非抽菸者呼氣中揮發性有機物的差異。 結果顯示呼出氣體中揮發性有機物的含量於抽菸後快速上升，並受到年齡和服用維他命習慣的影響。利用模式校正這些干擾因子後，在65個VOCs中有26個物質在抽菸組和非抽菸組有顯著差異。抽菸組長時間禁菸下和非抽菸組的呼氣VOCs比較也有類似結果，並觀察到抽菸者呼氣中pentane含量依然比非抽菸者高。尿液中8-OHdG方面，抽菸組的含量比非抽菸組高出1.5倍，且和呼出氣體中戊烷有相關(r=0.55, p=0.06, n=12)。 呼出氣體VOCs的含量於抽菸後馬上增加並受到年齡和使用抗氧化物情形的影響。呼出氣體中戊烷和尿液中8-OHdG一樣作為氧化壓力的指標，其年長抽菸者含量都比非抽菸者來得高。

Breath analysis is a non-invasive biological monitoring method. Exhaled air pentane has been used as a marker of oxidative stress as well as urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Because cigarette smoking can significantly increase the oxidative stress, this study used older smokers as the subjects and observed the effect of smoking on exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 8-OHdG in urine. A longitudinal study of the subjects （8 smokers, 8 non-smokers）was carried out with exhaled breath and urine sampling once every morning and recorded smokers’ daily cigarette consumption, time of the last smoking、alcohol intake and vitamin supplement. In addition, in smokers, exhaled breath was collected after cigarette cessation. Breath VOCs samples in Tedlar bags were preconcentrated with multi-bed sorbent sampling tubes and analyzed by thermal desorption-GC/MS. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured by ELISA. Mixed-effect models were used to investigate the breath VOCs difference between smokers and non-smokers by adjusting fixed effects and random effects. We observed that exhaled breath VOCs increased immediately after smoking and were influenced by age and vitamin consumption. Using model adjusting these factors, 26 of 65 breath VOCs showed significant difference between smokers and non-smokers. Similar results were measured in smokers after cigarette cessation compared to non-smokers. Exhaled breath pentane in older smokers was still higher than non-smokers. In urinary 8-OHdG, smokers had 1.5-fold higher level than non-smokers. There was a correlation between exhaled breath pentane and urinary 8-OHdG in smokers.（r=0.55, p=0.06, n=12）. In conclusion, cigarette smoking caused an immediate increase in exhaled breath VOCs which were also influenced by age and antioxidant supplement. Exhaled breath pentane as well as urinary 8-OHdG were used as a marker of oxidative stress and were increased in older smokers compared to non-smokers.