台灣社群經濟何以可能---鹿谷清水溝的故事

Abstract

現代社會的社群經濟至少可追溯至十九世紀，直到今日全球地方化的經濟發展中仍不斷地被以各種形式提出。在台灣從「後進的」發展國家到「超越後進」的跨國企業發展中，社群經濟也不斷的被提出與實踐。因此本文試圖探討在全球地方化的脈絡下，台灣社群經濟何以可能 。 本文是關於一群人在921震災重建奮鬥至今的故事。1999年台灣發生芮氏規模7.3的地震，造成嚴重傷亡和損失。有一群人秉持著對生命的熱情和愛，從斷瓦殘骸中進行重建工作。其中社區/社群經濟的重建被視為重建的根本，也是本文所關心的。 本文的研究問題是：台灣社群經濟何以可能？在回顧規劃專業對社群經濟的看法、台灣社區與經濟發展的關係、台灣既有相關研究後，本文指出既有研究中存在著三個斷裂現象---空間、過程、脈絡的斷裂。為避免重複過去研究的斷裂，本文在方法論上採取批判務實論，在認識論上採取「社會誌」的立場，提出「文化社會誌」研究取向，以探究：社群經濟中文化如何形塑社會進而影響經濟。 歸納本文的討論，在此提出下列四點結論： （1）家園/經濟涉入社群經濟之中，社群經濟需符合、轉化或轉譯不 同行動者對於現實存有（生計的）、虛擬想像（社會的）、共 同性（情感的）的在地理解。 （2）社群經濟運作的社會原則有：對等交換原則（如生產換伴、市 場交換）、等重原則 （如份/分的薪資、利益分享和風險分 擔）、互利互信原則。 （3）「差異社群」對社群經濟開拓新的可能。由於不同行動者對於 生產、消費、再現、認同、分配之在地理解的差異，使社群的 共同性有所不同，因此社群經濟中的社群是一種「差異社 群」。「差異社群」為社群經濟開拓了一個不易被察覺的可能 性：調解社群關係與個體獨立性/自由之間的矛盾。 （4）社群經濟不僅是規劃對象，而是規劃的反思對象。社群經濟應 被理解為一項文化工作，旨在建設性地處理「意義、踐行和身 份的混雜」，因此規劃專業對社群經濟的了解要從「如何」轉 變為「為何」。

The community economy of the modern society at least can be traced back to the 18th century. Moreover, it is frequently addressed with many forms in today's 'glocal (global and local) development.' During the period that Taiwan transformed to 'beyond late development” country from “late development” country, such community economies were continually brought up and practiced. So here I will discuses 'Why is community economy possible in Taiwan' in context of glocal development. This thesis is about the story of the post 921-earthqake recovery. In 1999, an earthquake measuring 7.3 degrees on the Richter scale occurred in middle Taiwan, and caused 2,447 people died and many peopled hurt seriously. Many groups worked hard for the recovery with their passion and love. For them, such recovery is the root of community economy recovery, and this is the theme this thesis concerns about. The topic to be researched is: Why is community economy possible in Taiwan? There are three gaps in current community economy study in Taiwan - spatial, economic process and context. To avoid the gaps, a 'cultural sociograph' is proposed as Epistemology in this thesis. This approach concern about 'How culture formalizes society and furthermore influences economy? ' In conclusion, there are four arguments in this dissertation: (1) Because family economy involves community economy, therefore, community economy has to satisfy or transit local understanding of existence being (the means of livelihood), virtual image (social) and togetherness (emotional). (2) There are the social rules in community economy--- equal exchange (such as labour exchange, market exchange), equal weight (such as sharing profit, risks, equal right and power), as well as inter- benefit and inter-trust. (3) An invisible possibility is initiated by 'differences of communities' in community economy; it regulates the contracts between community relationships and individual freedom (or independency). (4) Community economy is not only an object of planning, but also a reflection of planning. Community economy should be understood as cultural work, and it aims to treat 'meaning, praxis and syncretism of identity' So, planers have to change questionnaire to 'Why is community economy possible' from 'How to make community economy work. '