血液透析患者主要照顧家屬壓力感受、生活品質及相關因素

Abstract

本研究目的在於了解影響血液透析患者主要照顧家屬生活品質(quality of life)及壓力感受(stress)的相關因素，並評估主要照顧家屬生活品質與壓力之間的關係。本研究以立意取樣，以北部地區5家血液透析機構96年5月20至6月10日期間接受血液透析治療患者之主要照顧家屬，共計207位為研究對象，問卷內容包括人口學特性資料，並以美國醫學學會「照顧者自我評量問卷」(Caregiver Self-assessment Questionnaire)調查其壓力感受程度;「世界衛生組織生活品質問卷台灣簡明版」(WHOQOL-BREF)調查其生活品質。 重要研究結果如下: 一、「主要照顧家屬年齡」及「患者接受透析治療前家庭角色」為影響主要照顧家屬壓力感受之重要因素。 二、「主要照顧者主要經濟來源」、「主要照顧者職業」、「主要照顧家屬平均月收入」及「患者接受透析治療為期時間」為影響主要照顧家屬生活品質之重要因素。 三、「是否有壓力感受」為影響主要照顧家屬生活品質重要因素。 四、主要照顧家屬之生活品質，以心理範疇分數最低; 生理健康範疇分數最高。 血液透析患者主要照顧家屬所面臨的問題除了患者的生理疾病外，心理及社會層面的問題也相當重要。建議醫護人員以血液透析患者為中心之餘，能與相關心理及社工單位合作，並多關心患者的主要照顧家屬。

The purposes of this study are to understand the quality of life, stress, and associated factors of the primary family caregivers for hemodialysis patients, and to evaluate the relation between primary family caregivers’ stress and quality of life. The study sample included 207 primary family caregivers of hemodialysis patients from five hemodialysis institutes in northern Taiwan, taking place from May 20th, 2007 to June 10th, 2007. The questionnaires applied in this study were the World Health Organization Quality of Life Taiwan Version (WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan Version), aimed to investigate primary family caregivers’ quality of life, and the Caregiver Self-assessment Quesitonnaire developed by American Medical Association, applicable to investigate caregivers’ stress. Important findings of this study are as follows: 1. Primary family caregiver’s age and hemodialysis patients’ family role before receiving hemodialysis treatment are the important factors associated with caregivers’ stress. 2. Caregivers’ main income source, caregivers’ occupation, caregivers’ average household income, and duration of patients’ hemodialysis treatment are the important factors associated with caregivers’ quality of life. 3. Existence or absence of stress is an important factor associated with caregivers’ quality of life. 4. In primary family caregivers’ quality of life, the total score in psychological domain is the lowest, and the score in physical health domain is the highest. The problems faced by primary family caregivers for hemodialysis patients are not only patients’ physical sickness, but also caregivers’ psychological and social aspects. This study would suggest medical staff to pay attention to caregivers while taking care of the patients.