新港社歷史書寫之研究

Abstract

本論文以新港社歷史書寫經驗為出發，藉由土著認同書寫所紓發出的土著聲音檢討傳統人類學知識論將土著視為靜默不語的研究對象。筆者以為土著的認同書寫必須將土著放到社會、歷史結構轉變過程中行動者的實踐策略來解讀。從解大賓個人成長與社會關係來看，自幼學習漢文，年輕時就擔任土目、董事等要職，以他的學習與經歷可以說是對清官府的官場文化相當熟悉的漢化「熟番」，當他擔任董事期間，董事的角色與位置看似兩難的處境，他卻一點不為此所困，反而運用漢番差異性的策略反轉清官府試圖將番租與民業視為同一，進而結合跨地域的番社形構種族認同感。土著歷史書寫的討論，提供人類學研究者重新思考土著概念進而再發展土著人類學的討論，藉以反轉人類學知識與權力的不平等關係，提出因地制宜的本土論觀點。本文提出土著的種族認同為出發的論歷史觀點，修正過去以土地認同的出發本土論歷史觀點。

Based on the historical writing of Shinkang-She, this study reviews “the silent natives” as the knowledge object of traditional anthropological epistemologies by natives’ voice in the historical writings about their identities. The research interprets these historical writings from the aspect of agency’s practical strategies in the structure of social and historical change. From the point of personal life experience and social relation, HayDabin (解大賓) is a generally acknowledged “cooked native”﹙熟番﹚ due to his deep adaptation to Han culture. He started learning Han language as a child, and served as tribe chief (Tu-Mu) and fan-governor (Dong-shi) when he was young. His familiarity with Chin government’s hierarchy and his own identities never tumbles him for his skillful utilization of the difference between Han and natives. This strategy not only successfully reversed Chin government’s policy of uniting Han-settler﹙民業﹚and aboriginal rents﹙番租﹚, but also composed the racial identities of natives by effectively integrating the cross-regional natives’ communities (Fan-She). Instead of applying the viewpoint of territorial identity in the nativism, this research aims to suggest a different aspect of the natives’ racial identities based on the historical perspective. Hopefully, this research will not only contribute a different interpretation on natives’ historical writings to anthropologists’ concern of the concept of “natives,” but also a contribution to the development of natives’ nativism.