潑到國外的水─ 國際婚姻中越南配偶與娘家間的跨國連結

Abstract

本研究透過對生活在台灣的越南配偶與其生活在越南的父母的訪談以及越南家庭的田野工作來探討跨國婚姻中的越南配偶和其原生家庭的跨過連結。研究問題包括了透過婚姻移民途經嫁來台灣的越南配偶如何在日常生活中維繫與娘家的關係？這樣的跨國聯繫具有哪些條件與限制？經時間的改變，跨國連結產生什麼樣的變化？對越南娘家又發生什麼影響？這些「潑到國外的水」─透國婚姻移民來台灣的越南配偶其實不會因為遠距離的空間隔閡、從自己的家庭移民另一個國家人的家庭、甚至不會因為一些儒家文化的規範而失去了原生家庭的關係。相反的，拜科技發達、交通便利所賜，再加上親情的延伸及跨國婚姻中娘家對女兒的期待等因素，再使得越南配偶與其原生家庭的關係得以發展與延續。越南配偶和其娘家間具有訊息的流動、物品的流動、金錢的流動和人的流動，在關係互動上也是雙向的。另外，隨著時間的改變，此連結也有了許多變化。這些變化受到很多因素的影響，其中兩地在不同面向上的「推拉」力量的影響極為重要。此連結的維持過程中有時還會造成三方（配偶、娘家和夫家）之間的緊張關係。除了與越南的娘家保持跨國連結外，越南配偶也會在台灣的生活中建立所謂「在地的娘家」來延伸此跨國連結。

By interviewing Vietnamese spouses and their Vietnamese parents, as well as doing the fieldwork in Vietnam, this study explores the transnational link between Vietnamese spouses and their families in cross-border marriages. My research puzzles include: how do Vietnamese spouses who came to Taiwan via marriage maintain the relationship with the natal family in their daily lives? What are the conditions and restrictions of such transnational link? What are the changes of this transnational link as well as changes of the families in Vietnam. In fact, these 'overseas-splashed water' ─ Vietnamese spouses in Taiwan ─ do not cut off the relation with her natal family because of the spatial distance after marriage immigration. Even, they also don’t lose the connection with natal family for some norms of Confucian culture. On the contrary, thanks to technological development, convenient transportation, extensive blood relation, as well as expectations from parents toward daughters in cross-borders marriage, this transnational relationship have been developing and maintaining. The flow of information, goods, money and people can be seen in this transnational relationship between Vietnamese spouses and their Vietnamese parents. Indeed, it’s a two-way interaction. In addition, as time changes, this link changes a lot. These changes are affected by many factors, and the “pull-push” forces of the two places on different variations have an important effect. In its maintenance process the link sometimes caused tripartite tension (between spouse, Vietnamese parent and the husband's family). Together with the connection with natal families in Vietnam, the Vietnamese spouses in Taiwan also establish the so-called 'local natal family' to extend this transnational links.