以四種方法調查福山試驗林的膜翅目昆蟲

Abstract

由於昆蟲的習性相當多樣化，各式各樣的取樣方法也隨之發展出來用於捕捉昆蟲，不同的取樣方法往往是針對不同類群的昆蟲與棲地類型而設計的。以往的研究顯示馬氏網、窗式攔截器、黃色水盆及掃網皆適用於採集飛行昆蟲。本研究自2006年3月起每月在福山試驗林使用上述四種取樣方法進行採集，為期一年。以季節為單位整理3月、6月、9月及12月的資料，共獲得2456隻膜翅目個體，分屬33科、877種形態種。其中馬氏網捕獲1015隻分屬31科501種形態種，以姬蜂科占26.42%為最多；掃網捕獲318隻分屬17科198種形態種，以蟻科占27.62%為最多；黃色水盆捕獲253隻分屬17科167種形態種，以廣腹細蜂科占14.57%為最多；底層窗式攔截器捕獲640分屬17科84種形態種隻，以蟻科占70.39%為最多；樹冠窗式攔截器捕獲253隻分屬19科116種形態種，以蚜小蜂科占21.40%為最多。以相似度分析檢定各取樣方法的科級組成，除掛置於樹冠層與森林底層的窗式攔截器外，其餘各取樣方法彼此間均具顯著差異。相似度百分比檢定則顯示，在馬氏網中貢獻度最大的為姬蜂科，掃網為蟻科、黃色水盆為廣腹細蜂科、底層窗式攔截器為蟻科、樹冠窗式攔截器為釉小蜂科。

Insects are diverse in their habits and a wide variety of sampling methods had been developed to capture them. Different sampling methods often aim at different kinds of insects and their habitats. According to previous studies, Malaise trap, window trap, yellow pan trap, and net sweeping are good for capturing flying insects including Hymenoptera. Four sampling methods that mentioned above were used to collect Hymenoptera in this study. The samples were collected once a month from March 2006 to February 2007 in Fushan Experimental Forest. A total of 2456 individuals and 877 morphospecies in 33 families were collected in March, June, September, and December. Malaise trap captured 1015 individuals and 501 morphospecies in 31 families, the most abundance is Ichneumonidae (26.42%). Net sweeping captured 318 individuals and 198 morphospecies in 17 families, the most abundance is Formicidae (27.62%). Yellow pan trap captured 253 individuals and 167 morphospecies in 17 families, the most abundance is Platygastridae (14.57%). Ground window trap captured 640 individuals and 84 morphospecies in 17 families, the most abundance is Formicidae (70.39%). Canopy window trap captured 253 individuals and 116 morphospecies in 19 families, the most abundance is Aphelinidae (21.40%). Analysis of similarities shows there are significant differences among different sampling methods, except between canopy and ground window traps. Similarity percentage shows the most dominant family in Malaise trap is Ichneumonidae, in net sweeping is Formicidae, in yellow pan trap is Platygastridae, in ground window trap is Formicidae, and in canopy window trap is Eulophidae.