政府處理金融弊案機制之研究

Abstract

金融監理制度乃金融體系健全之關鍵，無論金融體系如何進步，金融活動如何熱絡，都不能輕忽金融弊案監理之必要，傳統性的犯罪受害者通常較為明確；而金融弊案有時受害者為多數投資人或廣泛社會大眾，影響層面較廣，甚而影響國家形象，且因金額較大，常具備社會矚目性。 金融監理機制範圍涵蓋政府監理，金融機構內部監理及市場力量之監理等三個構面，本研究從英、美、日、韓先進國家處理金融弊案監理層面研析，探討我國金融弊案監理機制，及目前金融監理實務運作上所面臨之難題,借他山之石以尋求金融弊案監理機制之改進方向。本研究文本分析中，選擇具有代表性的個案研究，以力霸集團掏空弊案、中興銀行弊案、博達弊案等重大的金融弊案為分析對象，除描述弊案發生的過程，分析該弊案發生原因，並研析政府所採之對策，並用訪談的方式，對參與金融監理決策階層及執行金檢的公部門金融監理官、金融機構從業人員、金融法務人員及具金融監理實務經驗之財金學者進行訪談，並進行資料的登錄，以充實本研究內容的深度、效度與廣度。同時對當前我國金融弊案監理之道，除了強化金融監理機制、落實公司治理及企業倫理外，更就兩岸金融監理機制、金融服務法等法規明確性與執法的嚴整性探討。 一、金融機構領導階層良好倫理道德行為是預防金融弊案的關鍵。 二、金融監理政策權與執行權應整合為一體。 三、金融弊案的肇因往往與下列因素有關：公司經營者主導，內部 控制不良，進行高財務槓桿操作及缺乏公開的金融監理機制。 四、政府為穩定金融，恐引起系統性風險，致延宕金融弊案處理時機。

Since financial sector is prone to various corruption scandals, it is vital to set up adequate monitoring and handling mechanism in government to monitor corporate financial governance. The regulatory mechanism on the banking systems in Taiwan and the recent financial scandals in Taiwan are critically examined. Top financial officers dealing with the monitoring and handling corruption cases are interviewed. The cases study in this project shows that: 1.Ethical behavior of the company leaders is the critical factor in preventing financial corruption. 2.The powers of monitoring financial transactions and enforcing legal requirements should be integrated. 3.Financial corruption cases usually involve the following phenomenon: involvement of company leaders; faulty internal control system; aggressive financial operations; and inadequate public financial monitoring system. 4.Fear of systematic and serial financial crisis derived from a specific corruption case deterred the prompt handling of financial corruption cases by the government. After comparing the foreign experiences and institutions in handling financial sector corruption with Taiwan cases and governmental mechanism, several policy recommendations are proposed.