以歐盟氣候變遷政策之發展檢視整合理論

Abstract

歐洲整合自1950年代起步，至今已經發展超過六十年，隨著歐洲整合層面的擴張與深化，各種解釋歐洲整合的理論也在學術界蓬勃發展，由一開始的新功能主義，到自由政府間主義與新功能主義之間的辯論，乃至新制度主義學者的論述；到了1990年代後期，更出現討論歐盟治理的新興理論，是以整合理論仍是今天討論歐盟整合時不可或缺的基礎。 在政治科學領域中，對於歐盟整合理論辯論十分熱烈，也有許多將理論與實務結合之檢證與辯論。然而若論及近年來新興的氣候變遷議題，則在整合理論上的探討略顯不足。本文欲透過近期歐盟氣候變遷政策之發展做為出發，檢視整合理論於該領域之適用性，並將理論的焦點置於傳統整合理論－新功能主義、自由政府間主義，以及新制度主義－之間的辯論。

The process of European integration over the past sixty years has attracted many political scholars’ attention. Political scholars have developed different integration theories to explain how and why the integration is able to happen in Europe. Nowadays, European integration theories are still the foundation of European studies. There are many intense theoretical debates in Political Science on which theory could best explain the integration happening in Europe. Some argue that certain theories cannot apply to empirical experiences. However, one policy field has been insufficiently discussed-- climate policy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability of integration theories to the EU climate policy, and the focus of this paper is based on the debate between traditional integration theories of neo-functionalism, new institutionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism.