某太陽能公司料架作業人因危害因素分析及改善計劃

Abstract

研究目的:本研究調查某太陽能公司桃園廠產品包裝部門料架作業人員肩膀疼痛之比例、作業人員之身高與肩膀疼痛是否有相關，以及料架作業調整後作業人員肩膀疼痛改善情形評估。 研究方法:研究對象為產品包裝部門共31人，研究步驟包括：(1)現場訪視料架作業流程，量測料架高度以及作業人員搬運物品之重量，觀察作業人員之姿勢；(2)使用RULA快速上肢評估檢核表評估料架搬運作業環境或流程中之危害因素；(3)使用問卷進行身體各部位痠痛情形之主觀性評估，並將作業人員依身高分組觀察不同身高組別之肩膀疼痛比例；(4)提出改善方案；(5)三個月後再做第二次問卷訪視，比較料架作業流程調整後作業人員肩膀疼痛的人數是否減少。 結果:現場訪視、RULA快速上肢評估檢核表評估和第一次問卷訪視的結果均顯示，身高155公分的作業人員需雙手高舉過肩搬運第三層料架成品之動作，對肩膀負荷過大。將作業人員依身高分組後發現，身高高於170公分的7位作業人員當中均無肩膀疼痛之情形，而身高在150-155公分和165-170公分組別中的作業人員有肩膀疼痛的比例為最高。改善方案為調整作業流程，讓身高矮於160公分之人員只搬運第二層料架物品。進行改善方案後三個月，有27位作業人員完成改善方案執行前後兩次問卷調查，結果顯示第一次問卷調查時有肩膀疼痛的5位作業人員，在第二次問卷訪視中均回覆沒有肩膀疼痛。 結論: 在此研究中執行的改善方案確實減少作業人員的肩膀疼痛，建議日後作業人員搬運料架上成品時上臂與身體之夾角應小於60度，可有效減少肩膀疼痛問題發生。

Introduction: This study aimed to examine shoulder pain prevalence of workers of the product packing department of the Taoyuan branch of a solar energy factory, to evaluate the relationship between body height and shoulder pain, and to assess the improvement in shoulder pain prevalence with product handling processes adjustment as part of improving program. Materials and Methods: The study subsjects were 31 workers of the product packing department. The study components included: (1) site visit to understand the processes of product handling task to measure rack height and product weight, and to analyze workers’working posture;(2) assessment for risk factors of the product handling task with rapid upper limb assessment (RULA);(3)questionnaire administration to investigate prevalence of soreness and pain over body parts and calculate proportions of workers with shoulder soreness and pain in different body height groups;(4) proposing an improving program;(5) comparison of shoulder pain prevalence of workers before and after improving program executed for 3 months. Results: Results of site visit, risk factors assessment with RULA checklist and 1st questionnaire administration showed that product handling task was hazardous for shoulder of the 155 cm-in-height worker because she had to raise her arms above shoulder to handle products on the high rack. There was no shoulder pain among the 7 workers taller than 170 cm,while the highest proportions of shoulder pain occurred in body height groups of 150-155 cm and 165-170 cm. The improving program was proposed to modify the product handling processes by restraining workers shorter than 160 cm to carry only the product on the medium-level rack. Among the five workers who reported shoulder pain in the 1st questionnaire investigation, none reported such pain in the 2nd questionnaire investigation after improving program being executed for 3 months. Conclusion: The proposed improving program indeed reduced the shoulder pain prevalence of product-handling workers. According to the findings of this study, the angle between upper limb and trunk should be less than 60 degree during the product handling processes in order to prevent the occurrence of shoulder pain.