TFT-LCD產業群聚策略資源與競爭策略之研究

Abstract

近年來傳統映像管的顯示器已大幅被液晶顯示器所取代，TFT-LCD產業的蓬勃發展，亦被視為21世紀重大科技工業。目前大型TFT-LCD產業的群聚效應已在台灣、日本與韓國成形，由於產業結構與供應鏈關係複雜，加上投資金額龐大，TFT-LCD產業發展與群聚效能之提升，是為發展TFT-LCD產業各國政府注目的焦點。 本研究目的主要探討群聚形成背後之關鍵策略資源，透過策略資源的投入與強化，能使群聚形成與擴大，進而提升群聚競爭力。本研究綜合群聚、產業結構與競爭力相關理論與模型，以波特群聚策略資源模型為基礎，結合本研究提出之價值創新網路資源而成新的策略資源架構，並以大型TFT-LCD產業群聚為研究對象，來驗證此架構，以及找尋三國間競爭差異，並提出維持競爭優勢之策略。 研究結果顯示，群聚形成過程中，五大策略資源之必要性，其中包括高品質人力資源、技術基礎建設、知識資源、資本資源與價值創新網路等。再以鑽石模型與此五大策略資源為基礎來分析三國群聚間競爭差異，發現日本位居領先、韓國次之，我國則緊追在後。最後，本研究針對如何維持我國TFT-LCD產業群聚競爭優勢，向廠商與政府提出具體之策略做法，期盼我國TFT-LCD產業群聚競爭優勢能夠維持與升級。

Conventional CRT displays have been replaced substantially by TFT-LCD displays in most recent years and booming TFT-LCD industry is deemed a heavyweight industry in the 21st century. TFT-LCD business, a well developed industrial cluster in Taiwan, Japan and Korea, holds a critical role to each country and becomes the focus that each government pays attention to owing to its heavy investment, industry structure and complex supply chain that it relies on. This research aims to probe into the strategical resources on the back of forming an industrial cluster. Through resource input and enhancement, industrial cluster could be well formed and expanded, and competition of the cluster could be even further lifted up. This research combines cluster, industry structure and competition related theories, together with Porter’s strategical resource model and value-creating network resource raised by this research, to build up a new strategical resource model. In this theory, a well-rounded analysis is applied to exam the TFT-LCD industry and the competition difference among three countries. To the end, strategies to sustain competitive advantage are proposed. In this model, the result suggests the five essential elements to form the cluster: high-quality labor, infrastructure, knowledge, capital and value-creating network resources. With the competition analysis of three countries by this model and Porter’s diamond model, the result concludes with competition ranking: Japan, Korea and Taiwan. At the end of the research, the specific strategies are proposed to Taiwan TFT-LCD manufacturers and government for sustaining competitive advantage and upgrading the cluster competition level.