請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/23270完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 沈立言(Lee-Yan Sheen) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yu-Kuo Chen | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陳與國 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T04:50:52Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2009-07-29 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2009 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2009-07-27 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 王柏徹、陳啟楨、華傑。1998。食用藥菇的培養與應用。食品工業發展研究所，新竹，台灣。187頁。
王湘伶。2004。以豆科植物為基質生產靈芝發酵液及發酵產物對過敏反應之影響。國立台灣大學。碩士論文。 行政院衛生署。2009。中華民國98年國人主要死因統計資料。 吳強、楊雁、薛紹禮、張宵翔、鄒宇宏、陳敏珠。黃芪總苷對肝星狀細胞增殖和合成膠原的抑制作用。中國藥理學通報。19(8):892-895。 李旭生。1989。靈芝能抗腫瘤嗎？科學月刊。20(6):427-432。 李門輝。1987。癌的形成、生長、轉移及散播。癌的基礎科學。合記圖書出版社。Vol. 8：pp 104-109。 洪淑敏。2000。靈芝促進人類肝癌細胞凋亡之研究。國立台灣大學。碩士論文。 許瑞祥。1995。靈芝的研究現況與展望。生物產業。64, 289-298。 陳小薇。2005。各種液態培養靈芝方式對產品之活性成分及抗過敏功能之影響。國立台灣大學。碩士論文。 陳至瑀。2008。I.在四氯化碳誘導大鼠肝損傷模式下中草藥複方對於護肝的效果之探討；II.探討巴西洋菇發酵產物之乙醇萃取物對接種肝癌細胞株Hep3B之裸鼠的影響。國立台灣大學。碩士論文。 曾勺瑄。2006。多氧菌素與葡萄糖之添加對靈芝醱酵液之1,3-β-D-glucan產率及免疫調節功能之影響。國立台灣大學。碩士論文。 游慧娟。2006。深層發酵樟芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物對人類肺癌及肝癌細胞生長之影響與其作用機轉之探討。國立台灣大學。碩士論文。 楊舒秦。2005。靈芝發酵液之免疫活性分析及以靈芝多醣處理人類單核細胞之蛋白質體學探討。國立台灣大學。碩士論文。 葉淑韻。2000。膳食中的黑色精靈。烘培工業。93(164):14-21。 廖雯慧。2004。南方靈芝三萜類抗腫瘤生物活性與藥理功效之研究。國立臺灣師範大學。碩士論文。 蔡宗統、廖淑女。1982。靈芝之採集、栽培與利用。參雲出版社。191頁。 蘇正元。2009。「靈芝-豆科」和「巴西洋菇-豆科」發酵產物之肝臟保健功效評估及其作用機轉之探討。國立台灣大學。博士論文。 Ainsworth, G. C., Sparrow, F. K., and Sussman, A. S. (1973). The Fungi. Vol. IVB. A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidiomycetes and Lower Fungi. Academic Press, Inc. New York. 504pp. Bao XF, Liu CP, Fang JN, Li XY. 2001. Structural and immunological studies of a major polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Carbohydr Res 332(1):67-74. Bao XF, Zhen Y, Ruan L, Fang JN. 2002. Purification, characterization, and modification of T lymphocyte-stimulating polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderma lucidum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 50(5):623-629. Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lin CC, Chien CS. 1981. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. A prospective study of 22 707 men in Taiwan. Lancet 2(8256):1129-1133. Berger A, Rein D, Kratky E, Monnard I, Hajjaj H, Meirim I, Piguet-Welsch C, Hauser J, Mace K, Niederberger P. 2004. Cholesterol-lowering properties of Ganoderma lucidum in vitro, ex vivo, and in hamsters and minipigs. Lipids Health Dis 3:2. Bowen DG, Walker CM. 2005. Adaptive immune responses in acute and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Nature 436(7053):946-952. Budihardjo I, Oliver H, Lutter M, Luo X, Wang X. 1999. Biochemical pathways of caspase activation during apoptosis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 15:269-290. Cao QZ, Lin ZB. 2004. Antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25(6):833-838. Cao QZ, Lin ZB. 2006. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide inhibits the growth of vascular endothelial cell and the induction of VEGF in human lung cancer cell. Life Sci 78(13):1457-1463. Chen RY, Yu DQ. 1990. Progress of studies on the chemical constituents of Ganoderma triterpene. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25(12):940-953. Chen X, Hu ZP, Yang XX, Huang M, Gao Y, Tang W, Chan SY, Dai X, Ye J, Ho PC, Duan W, Yang HY, Zhu YZ, Zhou SF. 2006. Monitoring of immune responses to a herbal immuno-modulator in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 6(3):499-508. Chisari FV. 2005. Unscrambling hepatitis C virus-host interactions. Nature 436(7053):930-932. Cho WC, Leung KN. 2007a. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of Astragalus membranaceus. Cancer Lett 252(1):43-54. Cho WC, Leung KN. 2007b. In vitro and in vivo immunomodulating and immunorestorative effects of Astragalus membranaceus. J Ethnopharmacol 113(1):132-141. Cosulich SC, Savory PJ, Clarke PR. 1999. Bcl-2 regulates amplification of caspase activation by cytochrome c. Curr Biol 9(3):147-150. Cui R, He J, Wang B, Zhang F, Chen G, Yin S, Shen H. 2003. Suppressive effect of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge on chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 51(1):75-80. Denecker G, Vercammen D, Steemans M, Vanden Berghe T, Brouckaert G, Van Loo G, Zhivotovsky B, Fiers W, Grooten J, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P. 2001. Death receptor-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death: differential role of caspases and mitochondria. Cell Death Differ 8(8):829-840. El-Mekkawy S, Meselhy MR, Nakamura N, Tezuka Y, Hattori M, Kakiuchi N, Shimotohno K, Kawahata T, Otake T. 1998. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry 49(6):1651-1657. Eo SK, Kim YS, Lee CK, Han SS. 1999a. Antiherpetic activities of various protein bound polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. J Ethnopharmacol 68(1-3):175-181. Eo SK, Kim YS, Lee CK, Han SS. 1999b. Antiviral activities of various water and methanol soluble substances isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. J Ethnopharmacol 68(1-3):129-136. Fan TJ, Han LH, Cong RS, Liang J. 2005. Caspase family proteases and apoptosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 37(11):719-727. Fang QH, Tang YJ, Zhong JJ. 2002. Significance of inoculation density control in production of polysaccharide and ganoderic acid by submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum. Process Biochem 37(12):1375-1379. Farazi PA, DePinho RA. 2006. Hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis: from genes to environment. Nat Rev Cancer 6(9):674-687. Feitelson MA, Sun B, Satiroglu Tufan NL, Liu J, Pan J, Lian Z. 2002. Genetic mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncogene 21(16):2593-2604. Fesik SW. 2005. Promoting apoptosis as a strategy for cancer drug discovery. Nat Rev Cancer 5(11):876-885. Flanagan SP. 1966. 'Nude', a new hairless gene with pleiotropic effects in the mouse. Genet Res 8(3):295-309. Friedman SL, Shaulian E, Littlewood T, Resnitzky D, Oren M. 1997. Resistance to p53-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in Hep 3B hepatoma cells. Oncogene 15(1):63-70. Gao JJ, Min BS, Ahn EM, Nakamura N, Lee HK, Hattori M. 2002. New triterpene aldehydes, lucialdehydes A-C, from Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against murine and human tumor cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 50(6):837-840. Gao Y, Gao H, Chan E, Tang W, Xu A, Yang H, Huang M, Lan J, Li X, Duan W, Xu C, Zhou S. 2005. Antitumor activity and underlying mechanisms of ganopoly, the refined polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, in mice. Immunol Invest 34(2):171-198. Gao Y, Zhou S, Jiang W, Huang M, Dai X. 2003. Effects of ganopoly (a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract) on the immune functions in advanced-stage cancer patients. Immunol Invest 32(3):201-215. Gogvadze V, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B. 2006. Multiple pathways of cytochrome c release from mitochondria in apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1757(5-6):639-647. Goldstein JC, Waterhouse NJ, Juin P, Evan GI, Green DR. 2000. The coordinate release of cytochrome c during apoptosis is rapid, complete and kinetically invariant. Nat Cell Biol 2(3):156-162. Gonzalez AG, Leon F, Rivera A, Padron JI, Gonzalez-Plata J, Zuluaga JC, Quintana J, Estevez F, Bermejo J. 2002. New lanostanoids from the fungus Ganoderma concinna. J Nat Prod 65(3):417-421. Gupta S, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Su H, Gollapudi S. 2006. A paradox of immunodeficiency and inflammation in human aging: lessons learned from apoptosis. Immun Ageing 3:5. Haak-Frendscho M, Kino K, Sone T, Jardieu P. 1993. Ling Zhi-8: a novel T cell mitogen induces cytokine production and upregulation of ICAM-1 expression. Cell Immunol 150(1):101-113. Hajjaj H, Mace C, Roberts M, Niederberger P, Fay LB. 2005. Effect of 26-oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and their activity as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Appl Environ Microbiol 71(7):3653-3658. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. 2000. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100(1):57-70. He CY, Li WD, Guo SX, Lin SQ, Lin ZB. 2006. Effect of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice. J Asian Nat Prod Res 8(8):705-711. Hikino H, Konno C, Mirin Y, Hayashi T. 1985. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of ganoderans A and B, glycans of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Med(4):339-340. Hong KJ, Dunn DM, Shen CL, Pence BC. 2004. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum on apoptotic and anti-inflammatory function in HT-29 human colonic carcinoma cells. Phytother Res 18(9):768-770. Hu H, Ahn NS, Yang X, Lee YS, Kang KS. 2002. Ganoderma lucidum extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell. Int J Cancer 102(3):250-253. Huang X, Halicka HD, Traganos F, Tanaka T, Kurose A, Darzynkiewicz Z. 2005. Cytometric assessment of DNA damage in relation to cell cycle phase and apoptosis. Cell Prolif 38(4):223-243. Huie CW, Di X. 2004. Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for Lingzhi pharmacologically active components. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 812(1-2):241-257. Igney FH, Krammer PH. 2002. Death and anti-death: tumour resistance to apoptosis. Nat Rev Cancer 2(4):277-288. Inagaki S, Morimura S, Gondo K, Tang Y, Akutagawa H, Kida K. 2007. Isolation of tryptophol as an apoptosis-inducing component of vinegar produced from boiled extract of black soybean in human monoblastic leukemia U937 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71(2):371-379. Irigaray P, Newby JA, Clapp R, Hardell L, Howard V, Montagnier L, Epstein S, Belpomme D. 2007. Lifestyle-related factors and environmental agents causing cancer: an overview. Biomed Pharmacother 61(10):640-658. Iwatsuki K, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Oshikubo M, Kimura Y, Asano T, Nomura A, Nishino H. 2003. Lucidenic acids P and Q, methyl lucidenate P, and other triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation. J Nat Prod 66(12):1582-1585. Jesenberger V, Jentsch S. 2002. Deadly encounter: ubiquitin meets apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3(2):112-121. Ji Z, Tang Q, Zhang J, Yang Y, Jia W, Pan Y. 2007. Immunomodulation of RAW264.7 macrophages by GLIS, a proteopolysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum. J Ethnopharmacol 112(3):445-450. Jiang J, Slivova V, Harvey K, Valachovicova T, Sliva D. 2004a. Ganoderma lucidum suppresses growth of breast cancer cells through the inhibition of Akt/NF-kappaB signaling. Nutr Cancer 49(2):209-216. Jiang J, Slivova V, Valachovicova T, Harvey K, Sliva D. 2004b. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3. Int J Oncol 24(5):1093-1099. Karsten, P. 1881. Enumeratio Boletinearum et Polyporearum Fennicarum, Systemate novo dispositarum. Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 3:16-19. Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. 1972. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26(4):239-257. Kew MC. 2003. Synergistic interaction between aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus in hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver Int 23(6):405-409. Kim CM, Koike K, Saito I, Miyamura T, Jay G. 1991. HBx gene of hepatitis B virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice. Nature 351(6324):317-320. Kim DH, Shim SB, Kim NJ, Jang IS. 1999. Beta-glucuronidase-inhibitory activity and hepatoprotective effect of Ganoderma lucidum. Biol Pharm Bull 22(2):162-164. Kim KC, Kim IG. 1999. Ganoderma lucidum extract protects DNA from strand breakage caused by hydroxyl radical and UV irradiation. Int J Mol Med 4(3):273-277. Kim KC, Kim JS, Son JK, Kim IG. 2007. Enhanced induction of mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells by the Ganoderma lucidum and Duchesnea chrysantha extracts. Cancer Lett 246(1-2):210-217. Kim YS, Eo SK, Oh KW, Lee C, Han SS. 2000. Antiherpetic activities of acidic protein bound polysacchride isolated from Ganoderma lucidum alone and in combinations with interferons. J Ethnopharmacol 72(3):451-458. Kimura Y, Taniguchi M, Baba K. 2002. Antitumor and antimetastatic effects on liver of triterpenoid fractions of Ganoderma lucidum: mechanism of action and isolation of an active substance. Anticancer Res 22(6A):3309-3318. Kino K, Yamashita A, Yamaoka K, Watanabe J, Tanaka S, Ko K, Shimizu K, Tsunoo H. 1989. Isolation and characterization of a new immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (LZ-8), from Ganoderma lucidium. J Biol Chem 264(1):472-478. Knowles BB, Howe CC, Aden DP. 1980. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines secrete the major plasma proteins and hepatitis B surface antigen. Science 209(4455):497-499. Kobori M, Yoshida M, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Takei T, Shinmoto H. 2006. 5alpha,8alpha-Epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3beta-ol from an edible mushroom suppresses growth of HL60 leukemia and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull 29(4):755-759. Koyama K, Imaizumi T, Akiba M, Kinoshita K, Takahashi K, Suzuki A, Yano S, Horie S, Watanabe K, Naoi Y. 1997. Antinociceptive components of Ganoderma lucidum. Planta Med 63(3):224-227. Kroemer G, Reed JC. 2000. Mitochondrial control of cell death. Nat Med 6(5):513-519. Krysko DV, Vanden Berghe T, D'Herde K, Vandenabeele P. 2008. Apoptosis and necrosis: Detection, discrimination and phagocytosis. Methods 44(3):205-221. Kuo MC, Weng CY, Ha CL, Wu MJ. 2006. Ganoderma lucidum mycelia enhance innate immunity by activating NF-kappaB. J Ethnopharmacol 103(2):217-222. Kurashige S, Akuzawa Y, Endo F. 1999. Effects of astragali radix extract on carcinogenesis, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity in mice treated with a carcinogen, N-butyl-N'-butanolnitrosoamine. Cancer Invest 17(1):30-35. Kwon SH, Ahn IS, Kim SO, Kong CS, Chung HY, Do MS, Park KY. 2007. Anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of black soybean anthocyanins. J Med Food 10(3):552-556. Lavanchy D. 2004. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat 11(2):97-107. Lee JM, Kwon H, Jeong H, Lee JW, Lee SY, Baek SJ, Surh YJ. 2001. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage by Ganoderma lucidum. Phytother Res 15(3):245-249. Lee S, Park S, Oh JW, Yang C. 1998. Natural inhibitors for protein prenyltransferase. Planta Med 64(4):303-308. Lee YS, Han OK, Park CW, Suh SI, Shin SW, Yang CH, Jeon TW, Lee ES, Kim KJ, Kim SH, Yoo WK, Kim HJ. 2003. Immunomodulatory effects of aqueous-extracted Astragali radix in methotrexate-treated mouse spleen cells. J Ethnopharmacol 84(2-3):193-198. Lee YS, Han OK, Park CW, Yang CH, Jeon TW, Yoo WK, Kim SH, Kim HJ. 2005. Pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and nitric oxide regulation of aqueous extracted Astragali radix in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. J Ethnopharmacol 100(3):289-294. Li Y, Yang Y, Fang L, Zhang Z, Jin J, Zhang K. 2006. Anti-hepatitis activities in the broth of Ganoderma lucidum supplemented with a Chinese herbal medicine. Am J Chin Med 34(2):341-349. Liao HF, Chen YJ, Yang YC. 2005. A novel polysaccharide of black soybean promotes myelopoiesis and reconstitutes bone marrow after 5-flurouracil- and irradiation-induced myelosuppression. Life Sci 77(4):400-413. Liao HF, Chou CJ, Wu SH, Khoo KH, Chen CF, Wang SY. 2001. Isolation and characterization of an active compound from black soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and its effect on proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells. Anticancer Drugs 12(10):841-846. Lieu CW, Lee SS, Wang SY. 1992. The effect of Ganoderma lucidum on induction of differentiation in leukemic U937 cells. Anticancer Res 12(4):1211-1215. Lin J, Dong HF, Oppenheim JJ, Howard OM. 2003a. Effects of Astragali radix on the growth of different cancer cell lines. World J Gastroenterol 9(4):670-673. Lin JM, Lin CC, Chen MF, Ujiie T, Takada A. 1995. Radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of Ganoderma formosanum, Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma neo-japonicum. J Ethnopharmacol 47(1):33-41. Lin JT, Liu WH. 2006. o-Orsellinaldehyde from the submerged culture of the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa exhibits selective cytotoxic effect against Hep 3B cells through apoptosis. J Agric Food Chem 54(20):7564-7569. Lin SB, Li CH, Lee SS, Kan LS. 2003b. Triterpene-enriched extracts from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit growth of hepatoma cells via suppressing protein kinase C, activating mitogen-activated protein kinases and G2-phase cell cycle arrest. Life Sci 72(21):2381-2390. Lin ZB. 2005. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immuno-modulation by Ganoderma lucidum. J Pharmacol Sci 99(2):144-153. Liu J, Shimizu K, Konishi F, Kumamoto S, Kondo R. 2007. The anti-androgen effect of ganoderol B isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Bioorg Med Chem 15(14):4966-4972. Logue SE, Martin SJ. 2008. Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis. Biochem Soc Trans 36(Pt 1):1-9. Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG. 2003. 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer 3(5):330-338. Lu QY, Jin YS, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Heber D, Go VL, Li FP, Rao JY. 2004. Ganoderma lucidum extracts inhibit growth and induce actin polymerization in bladder cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Lett 216(1):9-20. Luo J, Lin ZB. 2002. Advances of pharmacological effects of triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum. Acta Pharmacol Sin 37(7):574-578. Ma XQ, Shi Q, Duan JA, Dong TT, Tsim KW. 2002. Chemical analysis of Radix Astragali (Huangqi) in China: a comparison with its adulterants and seasonal variations. J Agric Food Chem 50(17):4861-4866. McClain CJ, Hill DB, Song Z, Deaciuc I, Barve S. 2002. Monocyte activation in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol 27(1):53-61. Mecklenburg L, Nakamura M, Sundberg JP, Paus R. 2001. The nude mouse skin phenotype: the role of Foxn1 in hair follicle development and cycling. Exp Mol Pathol 71(2):171-178. Mecklenburg L, Tychsen B, Paus R. 2005. Learning from nudity: lessons from the nude phenotype. Exp Dermatol 14(11):797-810. Meier P, Finch A, Evan G. 2000. Apoptosis in development. Nature 407(6805):796-801. Metz B, Kossen NWF. 1977. The growth of molds in the form of pellets-a literature review. Biotechnol Bioeng 19(6):781-799. Min BS, Gao JJ, Hattori M, Lee HK, Kim YH. 2001. Anticomplement activity of terpenoids from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum. Planta Med 67(9):811-814. Min BS, Gao JJ, Nakamura N, Hattori M. 2000. Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against meth-A and LLC tumor cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 48(7):1026-1033. Min BS, Nakamura N, Miyashiro H, Bae KW, Hattori M. 1998. Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 46(10):1607-1612. Minamoto T, Mai M, Ronai Z. 1999. Environmental factors as regulators and effectors of multistep carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 20(4):519-527. Miyasaka N, Inoue H, Totsuka T, Koike R, Kino K, Tsunoo H. 1992. An immunomodulatory protein, Ling Zhi-8, facilitates cellular interaction through modulation of adhesion molecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186(1):385-390. Mizushina Y, Watanabe I, Togashi H, Hanashima L, Takemura M, Ohta K, Sugawara F, Koshino H, Esumi Y, Uzawa J, Matsukage A, Yoshida S, Sakaguchi K. 1998. An ergosterol peroxide, a natural product that selectively enhances the inhibitory effect of linoleic acid on DNA polymerase beta. Biol Pharm Bull 21(5):444-448. Morgan DO. 1995. Principles of CDK regulation. Nature 374(6518):131-134. Mosmann T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65(1-2):55-63. Muller CI, Kumagai T, O'Kelly J, Seeram NP, Heber D, Koeffler HP. 2006. Ganoderma lucidum causes apoptosis in leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 30(7):841-848. Nicholson DW. 1999. Caspase structure, proteolytic substrates, and function during apoptotic cell death. Cell Death Differ 6(11):1028-1042. Nicoletti I, Migliorati G, Pagliacci MC, Grignani F, Riccardi C. 1991. A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 139(2):271-279. Ofodile LN, Uma NU, Kokubun T, Grayer RJ, Ogundipe OT, Simmonds MS. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of some Ganoderma species from Nigeria. Phytother Res 19(4):310-313. Oh KW, Lee CK, Kim YS, Eo SK, Han SS. 2000. Antiherpetic activities of acidic protein bound polysacchride isolated from Ganoderma lucidum alone and in combinations with acyclovir and vidarabine. J Ethnopharmacol 72(1-2):221-227. Okada H, Mak TW. 2004. Pathways of apoptotic and non-apoptotic death in tumour cells. Nat Rev Cancer 4(8):592-603. Park EJ, Ko G, Kim J, Sohn DH. 1997. Antifibrotic effects of a polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, glycyrrhizin, and pentoxifylline in rats with cirrhosis induced by biliary obstruction. Biol Pharm Bull 20(4):417-420. Paterson RR. 2006. Ganoderma - a therapeutic fungal biofactory. Phytochemistry 67(18):1985-2001. Rao AV, Sung MK. 1995. Saponins as anticarcinogens. J Nutr 125(3 Suppl):717S-724S. Rehermann B, Nascimbeni M. 2005. Immunology of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Nat Rev Immunol 5(3):215-229. Riedl SJ, Shi Y. 2004. Molecular mechanisms of caspase regulation during apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5(11):897-907. Robertson GS, Crocker SJ, Nicholson DW, Schulz JB. 2000a. Neuroprotection by the inhibition of apoptosis. Brain Pathol 10(2):283-292. Robertson JD, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B. 2000b. Review: nuclear events in apoptosis. J Struct Biol 129(2-3):346-358. Roset R, Ortet L, Gil-Gomez G. 2007. Role of Bcl-2 family members on apoptosis: what we have learned from knock-out mice. Front Biosci 12:4722-4730. Rygaard J, Povlsen CO. 1969. Heterotransplantation of a human malignant tumour to 'Nude' mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 77(4):758-760. Shao BM, Xu W, Dai H, Tu P, Li Z, Gao XM. 2004. A study on the immune receptors for polysaccharides from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese medicinal herb. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 320(4):1103-1111. Shiao MS. 2003. Natural products of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum: occurrence, biological activities, and pharmacological functions. Chem Rec 3(3):172-180. Shieh YH, Liu CF, Huang YK, Yang JY, Wu IL, Lin CH, Li SC. 2001. Evaluation of the hepatic and renal-protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum in mice. Am J Chin Med 29(3-4):501-507. Sliva D, Labarrere C, Slivova V, Sedlak M, Lloyd FP, Jr., Ho NW. 2002. Ganoderma lucidum suppresses motility of highly invasive breast and prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 298(4):603-612. Song TY, Hsu SL, Yen GC. 2005. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells by mycelia of Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture. J Ethnopharmacol 100(1-2):158-167. Stanley G, Harvey K, Slivova V, Jiang J, Sliva D. 2005. Ganoderma lucidum suppresses angiogenesis through the inhibition of secretion of VEGF and TGF-beta1 from prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 330(1):46-52. Su C, Shiao M, Wang C. 2000. Potentiation of ganodermic acid S on prostaglandin E(1)-induced cyclic AMP elevation in human platelets. Thromb Res 99(2):135-145. Su CY, Shiao MS, Wang CT. 1999. Differential effects of ganodermic acid S on the thromboxane A2-signaling pathways in human platelets. Biochem Pharmacol 58(4):587-595. Sun WY, Wei W, Wu L, Gui SY, Wang H. 2007. Effects and mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 112(3):514-523. Surh Y. 1999. Molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances. Mutat Res 428(1-2):305-327. Surh YJ. 2003. Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nat Rev Cancer 3(10):768-780. Tanaka S, Ko K, Kino K, Tsuchiya K, Yamashita A, Murasugi A, Sakuma S, Tsunoo H. 1989. Complete amino acid sequence of an immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (LZ-8). An immunomodulator from a fungus, Ganoderma lucidium, having similarity to immunoglobulin variable regions. J Biol Chem 264(28):16372-16377. Tang W, Liu JW, Zhao WM, Wei DZ, Zhong JJ. 2006. Ganoderic acid T from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia induces mitochondria mediated apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Life Sci 80(3):205-211. Thyagarajan A, Zhu J, Sliva D. 2007. Combined effect of green tea and Ganoderma lucidum on invasive behavior of breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 30(4):963-969. Ueda H, Ullrich SJ, Gangemi JD, Kappel CA, Ngo L, Feitelson MA, Jay G. 1995. Functional inactivation but not structural mutation of p53 causes liver cancer. Nat Genet 9(1):41-47. van der Hem LG, van der Vliet JA, Bocken CF, Kino K, Hoitsma AJ, Tax WJ. 1995. Ling Zhi-8: studies of a new immunomodulating agent. Transplantation 60(5):438-443. Van Loo G, Demol H, van Gurp M, Hoorelbeke B, Schotte P, Beyaert R, Zhivotovsky B, Gevaert K, Declercq W, Vandekerckhove J, Vandenabeele P. 2002. A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization post-source decay (MALDI-PSD) analysis of proteins released from isolated liver mitochondria treated with recombinant truncated Bid. Cell Death Differ 9(3):301-308. Vermeulen K, Van Bockstaele DR, Berneman ZN. 2003. The cell cycle: a review of regulation, deregulation and therapeutic targets in cancer. Cell Prolif 36(3):131-149. Wang G, Zhao J, Liu J, Huang Y, Zhong JJ, Tang W. 2007a. Enhancement of IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression and NK cells activity involved in the anti-tumor effect of ganoderic acid Me in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 7(6):864-870. Wang H, Ng TB. 2006. Ganodermin, an antifungal protein from fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Peptides 27(1):27-30. Wang SY, Hsu ML, Hsu HC, Tzeng CH, Lee SS, Shiao MS, Ho CK. 1997. The anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. Int J Cancer 70(6):699-705. Wang X, Zhao X, Li D, Lou YQ, Lin ZB, Zhang GL. 2007b. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A activities in BCG-immune hepatic injury in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 30(9):1702-1706. Wu TS, Shi LS, Kuo SC. 2001. Cytotoxicity of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes. J Nat Prod 64(8):1121-1122. Yamai M, Tsumura K, Kimura M, Fukuda S, Murakami T, Kimura Y. 2003. Antiviral activity of a hot water extract of black soybean against a human respiratory illness virus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67(5):1071-1079. Yang M, Wang X, Guan S, Xia J, Sun J, Guo H, Guo DA. 2007. Analysis of triterpenoids in ganoderma lucidum using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 18(5):927-939. Yang YH, Chen CC, Chiang JH, Kung SP, Tsay SH, Wang SS, Chang FY, Lee SD. 2000. Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as a pyogenic liver abscess in a patient with hemochromatosis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 63(1):53-57. Yao X, Hu JF, Daniels M, Yien H, Lu H, Sharan H, Zhou X, Zeng Z, Li T, Yang Y, Hoffman AR. 2003. A novel orthotopic tumor model to study growth factors and oncogenes in hepatocarcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 9(7):2719-2726. Yoon SY, Eo SK, Kim YS, Lee CK, Han SS. 1994. Antimicrobial activity of Ganoderma lucidum extract alone and in combination with some antibiotics. Arch Pharm Res 17(6):438-442. You YH, Lin ZB. 2002. Protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide on injury of macrophages induced by reactive oxygen species. Acta Pharmacol Sin 23(9):787-791. Yu MW, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, Liaw YF, Lin CL, Liu CJ, Shih WL, Kao JH, Chen DS, Chen CJ. 2005. Hepatitis B virus genotype and DNA level and hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 97(4):265-272. Yue QX, Cao ZW, Guan SH, Liu XH, Tao L, Wu WY, Li YX, Yang PY, Liu X, Guo DA. 2007. Proteomic characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of ganoderic acid D and computer automated estimation of the possible drug-target network. Mol Cell Proteomics. Yun TK. 1999. Update from Asia. Asian studies on cancer chemoprevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 889:157-192. Zhang GL, Wang YH, Ni W, Teng HL, Lin ZB. 2002a. Hepatoprotective role of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide against BCG-induced immune liver injury in mice. World J Gastroenterol 8(4):728-733. Zhang HN, Lin ZB. 2004. Hypoglycemic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25(2):191-195. Zhang J, Tang Q, Zimmerman-Kordmann M, Reutter W, Fan H. 2002b. Activation of B lymphocytes by GLIS, a bioactive proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum. Life Sci 71(6):623-638. Zhang R, Li Y, Wang W. 1997. Enhancement of immune function in mice fed high doses of soy daidzein. Nutr Cancer 29(1):24-28. Zhang WD, Chen H, Zhang C, Liu RH, Li HL, Chen HZ. 2006. Astragaloside IV from Astragalus membranaceus shows cardioprotection during myocardial ischemia in vivo and in vitro. Planta Med 72(1):4-8. Zhao QW, Lou YJ. 2006. Estrogenic activity and its mechanism of ethanol extract from black soybean. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 31(10):825-828. Zhou JR, Gugger ET, Tanaka T, Guo Y, Blackburn GL, Clinton SK. 1999. Soybean phytochemicals inhibit the growth of transplantable human prostate carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis in mice. J Nutr 129(9):1628-1635. Zhu X, Lin Z. 2006. Modulation of cytokines production, granzyme B and perforin in murine CIK cells by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Carbohydrate Polymers 63(2):188-197. Zhu XL, Chen AF, Lin ZB. 2007. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides enhance the function of immunological effector cells in immunosuppressed mice. J Ethnopharmacol 111(2):219-226. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/23270 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 靈芝 (Ganoderma lucidum) 自古以來即為著名的藥用真菌，且在亞洲地區被當成中草藥來使用已有數千年之久。許多證據顯示，靈芝具有抗過敏、抗致突變、抗病毒、抗發炎、抗癌及降血糖等功效。另外，也有研究指出豆科植物黑豆 (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) 與黃耆 (Astragalus membranaceus) 含有許多具保健功效之活性成分，但到目前為止尚無將豆科植物當作基質發酵靈芝之研究。因此本研究以豆科植物 (黑豆與黃耆) 作為基質發酵所得之靈芝為試驗樣品，並以體外及體內試驗探討靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG) 對人類肝癌細胞株Hep3B之抑制效果。此外，進一步純化EMG中之活性成分並測定其抑制肝癌活性。
在體外實驗方面，以200 L發酵槽將黑豆與黃耆作為基質發酵靈芝12天，所得之菌絲體的乙醇粗萃物 (EMG) 可有效抑制人類肝癌細胞株Hep3B之細胞存活率，並且具有劑量與時間效應。EMG對Hep3B細胞在24、48及72小時的處理下之IC50分別為156.8、89.8及70.1 μg/mL。另外，EMG增加Hep3B細胞週期中sub-G1的比率，且可誘導其產生DNA片段化與染色質的濃縮與斷裂，並藉由提高Hep3B細胞caspase-3、caspase-8及caspase-9的活性誘導細胞凋亡的發生。由此可知EMG可藉由誘導Hep3B細胞產生細胞凋亡而達到抑制其生長之目的。 在活體實驗方面，預先給予裸鼠不同劑量之EMG (20、40及200 mg/kg bw) 兩週後，將Hep3B細胞 (1.5×107 cells/mouse) 接種於裸鼠身上，接種後繼續給予九週的EMG。結果顯示，40或200 mg/kg bw之EMG可以有效地抑制裸鼠身上腫瘤之體積與重量 (與控制組相比)，其對腫瘤體積之抑制率分別為48及50% (p<0.05)，而對腫瘤重量之抑制率則分別為60及61% (p<0.05)，且在腫瘤組織切片方面可以觀察出細胞凋亡的現象。除此之外，在實驗結束時各組之體重彼此間均無顯著差異，且由血液樣品分析結果顯示，處理組與控制組之間的AST及ALT值同樣沒有顯著性差異，顯示EMG的給予對裸鼠並不會產生不良之影響。 在成分鑑定的預實驗方面，將靈芝菌絲體乙醇粗萃物以管柱層析的方式進行區分，獲得29個區分物，並以MTT分析方法探討此些區分物對Hep3B細胞存活率之影響。結果顯示，第8個與第13個區分物 (PF8及PF13) 對於Hep3B細胞有較好的抑制生長效果，其IC50分別為15.7 and 21.8 μg/mL。而在細胞週期的結果中，PF8及PF13可造成Hep3B細胞sub-G1比率的增加。此外，經PF8及PF13處理過之Hep3B細胞可觀察到DNA片段化的現象產生。顯示PF8及PF13可誘導Hep3B走向細胞凋亡。但是由於PF8及PF13的量太少，因此無法進一步純化與鑑定。 在第二次的區分實驗中，總共獲得7個區分物，以第5個與第6個區分物 (F5及F6) 有較好的抑制肝癌活性，其中F6的量 (約2.1 g) 較為適合進行接下來的抑癌試驗及成分鑑定。故進一步利用高效能液相層析法將F6分離純化，並以NMR鑑定其化合物結構，從其中分離出兩種化合物，分別為5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta- 6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (又稱為9,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide, 9(11)-DHEP) 及5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (又稱為ergosterol peroxide, EP)。在抑癌活性方面，9(11)-DHEP以及EP對於Hep3B細胞之存活率皆具有抑制效果，且在20 μg/mL的處理濃度之下可誘導其產生DNA片段化。推測9(11)-DHEP以及EP可能為EMG抑制肝癌的活性來源。 整體而言，以豆科植物作為基質發酵所得之靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG)，不管在體外或是體內實驗方面，皆具有抑制人類肝癌細胞株Hep3B生長之活性，推測EMG的抑癌活性來自其促進Hep3B細胞產生凋亡之能力，顯示EMG具有預防癌症之潛力，而EMG的抑癌活性則可能來自於9(11)-DHEP以及EP。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Ganoderma lucidum is a famous medicinal fungus that has been used as an herbal medicine in Asian regions for thousands of years. Several lines of evidence indicate that G. lucidum possess anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antitumour and hypoglycaemic properties. On the other hand, Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Astragalus membranaceus have been reported that contain several important components with various physiological and biological activities. However, the liver protective function of fermentation mycelia of G. lucidum cultivated in the medium containing leguminous plants (G. max (L.) Merr. and A. membranaceus) has not been studied yet. The objective of our study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of ethanolic extract of mycelia of G. lucidum (EMG) cultivated in the medium containing leguminous plants on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B) in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore, the active components of the fraction of EMG and their anti-hepatoma activity were determined.
The anti-proliferation effect was observed in vitro growth of Hep3B cell lines after incubation with ethanolic extract of mycelia of G. lucidum (EMG) cultivated in the medium containing G. max (L.) Merr. and A. membranaceus using 200 L fermentor for 12 days. The results indicated that EMG inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the IC50 treated with EMG for 24, 48 and 72 hr were 156.8, 89.9 and 70.1 μg/mL, respectively. EMG inhibited the growth of Hep3B cells via the sub-G1 peak rise in cell cycle analysis, DNA ladder, and increasing of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities. These results suggested that EMG might suppress Hep3B cells growth through apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, we studied the anti-tumor activity of EMG in Hep3B tumor-bearing nude mice model. EMG was administered for 2 wk before inoculation of Hep3B cells and was continued for 9 wk. The results indicated that oral administration of 40 and 200 mg/kg bw/day of EMG significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight in xenografted nude mice; tumor volume was inhibited by 48 and 50% (p<0.05); tumor weight was inhibited by 60 and 61% (p<0.05), respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that apoptosis is visualized by detecting cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in body weights among the various groups at the end of the study. The AST and ALT values showed no significant difference between treatment groups and control group. The results implied that EMG feeding to mice did not appear to induce any adverse effects. In the pre-experiment of separation and identification of active components from EMG, the EMG was separated further by gel filtration chromatography to obtain 29 fractions. The effects of various fractions on cell viability of Hep 3B cells were analyzed by MTT assay. The results showed that fraction 8 (PF8) and 13 (PF13) had higher growth inhibition on Hep3B cells. The IC50 values of PF8 and PF13 for Hep3B cells were 15.7 and 21.8 μg/mL, respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed that the growth inhibition effect was associated with sub-G1 peak rising. Moreover, DNA ladder was observed from Hep3B cells treated by PF8 and PF13. Our results indicate that the fractions (PF8 and PF13) of EMG could inhibit growth of Hep3B cells through apoptosis. But the amounts of PF8 and PF13 were too few to identify. Furthermore, EMG was fractionated into seven fractions (F1-F7). We found that F5 and F6 had higher growth inhibitory effects on Hep 3B cells than the other fractions, and F6 possessed enough amounts (about 2.1 g) to carry out a more detailed study. The F6 was separated further by HPLC to obtain two compounds, and was identified as 5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (9,11-dehydro- ergosterol peroxide, 9(11)-DHEP) and 5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (ergosterol peroxide, EP) by NMR. 9(11)-DHEP and EP showed growth inhibition effect on Hep3B cells and DNA ladder was observed with 20 μg/mL of treatment. Thus, it was suggested that 9(11)-DHEP and EP should be the major active compounds in EMG to induce apoptosis of hepatoma cells. Overall, these finding demonstrated that EMG could suppress Hep3B cells growth through apoptosis in vitro and exhibit anti-tumor effects in vivo model, and suggested that it has a useful potency in cancer prevention. The anti-cancer activity of EMG might attribute to 9(11)-DHEP and EP. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T04:50:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-98-D92641002-1.pdf: 2806017 bytes, checksum: aa6dc293ad212a9491eefbc517b5a449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘 要 I
Abstract III 目 錄 VI 表 次 X 圖 次 XI 壹、前言 1 貳、文獻回顧 2 第一節 癌症 2 一、癌症之簡介 2 二、肝癌之簡介 3 第二節 細胞週期與細胞凋亡 7 一、細胞週期 7 二、細胞凋亡 8 第三節 靈芝 13 一、靈芝之簡介 13 二、靈芝之栽培方式 14 三、靈芝之生理功效 16 四、靈芝之活性成分 19 第四節 豆科基質 25 一、黑豆之簡介 25 二、黃耆之簡介 27 第五節 異種移植 29 一、裸鼠之特性 29 二、人類肝癌細胞株Hep3B之特性 30 参、研究目的與實驗架構 45 第一節 研究目的 45 第二節 實驗架構 46 一、整體架構 46 二、靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG) 抑制肝癌細胞株活性與機制探討 47 三、以動物腫瘤模式探討靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG) 之抑癌活性 48 四、靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG) 區分物抑制肝癌細胞株活性探討與成分鑑定 49 肆、實驗材料與方法 51 第一節 實驗材料與儀器設備 51 一、實驗材料 51 二、化學藥品與試劑 51 三、儀器設備 54 四、實驗細胞株 56 五、動物來源與管理 56 第二節 實驗方法 56 一、樣品之前處理與製備 56 二、矽膠管柱層析 57 三、人類肝癌細胞株 (Hep3B) 之解凍、繼代培養及保存 59 四、細胞存活率分析 (MTT assay) 60 五、細胞形態觀察 62 六、細胞週期分析 62 七、DNA片段化測定 62 八、細胞核形態觀察 63 九、Caspases活性之分析 63 十、動物試驗 64 十一、統計分析 65 伍、結果與討論 66 第一節 靈芝樣品之決定 66 一、樣品之發酵條件 66 二、樣品之抑制肝癌細胞活性 (以lovastatin協同處理) 66 第二節 靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG) 對人類肝癌細胞株Hep3B之影響 68 一、EMG對細胞生存率之影響 68 二、EMG對細胞形態之影響 69 三、EMG對細胞週期之影響 69 四、EMG對DNA片段化及細胞核形態之影響 70 五、EMG對caspase-3、-8及-9活性之影響 71 六、EMG對粒線體膜電位之影響 72 第三節 以動物腫瘤模式探討靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG) 之抑癌活性 73 一、腫瘤動物模式之建立 73 二、EMG對人類肝癌細胞異種移植裸鼠腫瘤生長之影響 74 三、EMG對腫瘤組織形態與caspase-3表現之影響 75 四、肝功能指數與其他血液生化值 76 第四節 靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG) 區分物之抑制Hep3B細胞活性與成分鑑定 77 一、預備區分實驗之結果 77 二、正式區分實驗之結果 78 三、EMG區分物對細胞生存率之影響 78 四、EMG區分物F6對細胞週期之影響 78 五、EMG區分物F6對DNA片段化之影響 79 六、EMG活性成分之結構分析與鑑定 79 七、活性成分對細胞生存率之影響 84 八、活性成分對DNA片段化之影響 84 九、活性成分對細胞核形態之影響 84 陸、結論 86 柒、參考文獻 87 表一 細胞週期及其相對應之Cyclin-CDK complex 31 表二 G. lucidum之三萜類成分與生理功效 32 表三 以豆科植物作為基質發酵所得靈芝之發酵條件 100 表四 不同發酵條件所得靈芝菌絲體之乙醇萃出率 100 表五 靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物在以lovastatin協同處理48小時之下對Hep3B細胞存活率之影響 101 表六 試驗結束時裸鼠之血液生化值 102 表七 預實驗所得區分物之產率 103 表八 第二次區分實驗所得區分物之產率 104 圖一 多步驟性之致癌機轉 33 圖二 癌細胞之能力 34 圖三 誘發肝癌之相關機制 35 圖四 細胞週期及其相關調控分子 36 圖五 以電子顯微鏡觀察到之細胞形態 (A)一般細胞 (B)凋亡細胞 (C)壞死細胞 37 圖六 細胞凋亡之死亡受體、粒線體及內質網路徑 38 圖七 粒線體路徑 39 圖八 Bcl-2家族成員 40 圖九 人類caspase之結構與功能 41 圖十 死亡受體路徑 42 圖十一 靈芝 (Ganoderma lucidum) 子實體之型態 43 圖十二 從G. lucidum子實體中發現之三萜類化合物之化學結構 44 圖十三 靈芝菌絲體乙醇萃取物 (EMG) 對Hep3B細胞存活率之影響 105 圖十四 不同濃度之EMG對Hep3B細胞形態之影響 (處理48小時) 106 圖十五 EMG誘導Hep3B細胞週期sub-G1 peak的產生 107 圖十六 EMG對Hep3B細胞 (A) DNA片段化 (B) 細胞核形態之影響 108 圖十七 EMG對Hep3B細胞內caspase-3活性之影響 109 圖十八 EMG對Hep3B細胞內caspase-8活性之影響 110 圖十九 EMG對Hep3B細胞內caspase-9活性之影響 111 圖二十 EMG對Hep3B細胞內粒線體膜電位之影響 112 圖二十一 接種Hep3B細胞2-3週後 (實驗期第28-35天) 控制組裸鼠之外觀。 113 圖二十二 試驗期間給予EMG對各組裸鼠體重之影響 114 圖二十三 EMG對裸鼠腫瘤體積之影響 115 圖二十四 試驗結束時腫瘤在裸鼠身上之生長情形 116 圖二十五 EMG對裸鼠腫瘤重量之影響 117 圖二十六 EMG對腫瘤組織形態與cleaved caspase-3表現之影響 118 圖二十七 預實驗所得區分物對Hep3B細胞存活率之影響 119 圖二十八 PF8誘導Hep3B細胞週期sub-G1 peak的產生 120 圖二十九 PF13誘導Hep3B細胞週期sub-G1 peak的產生 121 圖三十 預實驗所得區分物對Hep3B細胞DNA片段化之影響 122 圖三十一 第二次區分實驗之TLC結果 123 圖三十二 區分物對Hep3B細胞存活率之影響 124 圖三十三 F6誘導Hep3B細胞週期sub-G1 peak的產生 125 圖三十四 F6對Hep3B細胞DNA片段化之影響 126 圖三十五 化合物1之1H-NMR光譜圖 127 圖三十六 化合物1之紅外線光譜圖 127 圖三十七 化合物2之1H-NMR光譜圖 128 圖三十八 化合物2之紅外線光譜圖 128 圖三十九 活性成分對Hep3B細胞存活率之影響 129 圖四十 活性成分對Hep3B細胞DNA片段化之影響 130 圖四十一 活性成分對Hep3B細胞細胞核形態之影響 131 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.title | 含豆科植物為基質之靈芝發酵菌絲體萃取物及其活性成分之抑制肝癌活性評估及其作用機轉之探討 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The anti-hepatoma activity and its mechanism of extract and its active components from the fermentation mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in the medium containing Glycine max (L) Merr. and Astragalus membranaceus | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 97-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 郭悅雄(Yueh-Hsiung Kuo),何其儻(Chi-Tang Ho),孫璐西(Lucy Sun Hwang),蔣丙煌(Been-Huang Chiang),鍾景光(Jing-Gung Chung),李宗貴(Chong-Kuei Lii) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 靈芝,抑制肝癌活性,細胞凋亡,ergosterol peroxide, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Ganoderma lucidum,anti-hepatoma activity,apoptosis,ergosterol peroxide, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 131 | |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2009-07-27 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 食品科技研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 食品科技研究所 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-98-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.74 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。