「日久故鄉在他鄉」 －移工�民媒體《四方報》的產製與閱讀

Abstract

有數十萬的東南亞移工�民在台灣，補充本國婚姻市場與基層勞動需求，卻受到台灣社會與媒體不友善的對待。越南文《四方報》以「弱勢發聲」為宗旨，提供在台越南移工�民以母語閱讀、書寫的刊物。試刊發行至今（2010年1月）逾三年，《四方報》由一份接受補助、贈閱的刊物，順利轉型為在便利超商通路上架、以廣告與讀者市場為主要財源的媒體。對越南移工�民讀者來說，《四方報》不只是刊有母國文字的報紙，更是他們情感匯聚、交流資訊的溝通平台。 本研究由《四方報》之產製面與讀者接收層面切入，試圖析論台灣「移工�民媒體」興起的條件與可能。首先考察《四方報》背景、辦報宗旨、組織分工、議題設定過程與思維、讀者投書處理等，以理解編輯部對刊物屬性與讀者之設定。其次，本文藉由對讀者的觀察訪談，辨析《四方報》對讀者生活之影響與意義。此外，本研究將研究核心置於讀者與媒體的互動關係，援引並補充Stuart Hall提出之閱聽人製碼�解碼模式，並以編輯部曾積極倡導之議題為例，進一步分析《四方報》與讀者之互動架構。 研究發現，《四方報》不但提供讀者母語使用、原生文化的安慰與同鄉間的共鳴等多層次的情感依賴，也因編輯部提供讀者相關權益資訊、喚醒讀者權益意識等積極地動作，使讀者有了解決問題、爭取權益的憑藉，不但間接改善其勞動環境，也透露出媒體賦權（empowerment）的可能。此外，透過個案議題的討論也發現，即便讀者對《四方報》有深厚的情感依賴，但對編輯部積極倡導的議題訊息，讀者仍是依侍自身原有的符碼系統解碼或以既有的框架過濾、篩選訊息。 關鍵字：四方報、新移民、移工、移民媒體、東南亞

There are several hundred thousands Southeast Asia newly immigrant women and migrant workers in Taiwan. BonPhuong, the Vietnamese monthly newspaper, provides minorities a channel in which the Vietnamese audience can read and write with their mother tongue. BonPhuong was first launched three years ago; it was free of charge, and subsidized by random donation. Nevertheless, Bonphong successfully has transformed into a medium that is financed by commercial-selling and reader's market, and is widely visible at convenient stores. This thesis is aimed to observed the production and reception of BonPhuong, and analyze the opportunity of a successful migrant media in Taiwan. With the background information, the organization, the process of production of BonPhuong, I try to explore the attributes that editorial department set up. Furthermore, according to the observation and interview with readers, the influence and significance of reading BonPhuong is powerful enough to change their life. And I will use the encoding／decoding pattern which Stuart Hall proposed to analyze the construction between BonPhuong and its readers. The study explores that BonPhuong not only provides the readers with the multifaceted emotional dependences: to use their mother tongue, and indulge in the primary culture, but at the same time, to publish the information of the migrant labor rights and the interests related to readers. BonPhuong awakens the consciousness of the rights of readers, which indirectly improves the readers’ working conditions. In other words, Bonphong serves the opportunity of media empowerment. However, even if the readers rely on BonPhuong emotionally, they still interpret the messages in BonPhuong with their own cultural frame.

Keywords：BonPhuong, new immigrant, migrant worker, migrant media, Southeast Asia