公平法例外許可對台灣黃豆粉價格影響之分析

Abstract

黃豆主要製品為黃豆粉及黃豆油，兩者產出比率約為8:2，因此黃豆粉價格的好壞深深影響壓榨廠利潤優劣的主要關鍵。我國由於受限於地理環境、氣候等外在因素，讓臺灣地區黃豆自給率不到1%。 黃豆粉是飼料的兩大原料之一，而黃豆粉又必須透過黃豆壓榨而成，但我國黃豆又大多仰賴進口，因此國內黃豆粉的價格時常受到國際價格波動以及國內採購制度改變而有所影響。 回顧台灣過往大宗穀物的採購史，在公平法實施以前，政府開放國內業者自由進口，但業者大多為了增加採購優勢，不時會私下協調合船進口，但此舉在公平法實施以後有了疑慮，因此公平會針對大綜物資合船進口給予特許。 因此本研究透過假設檢定來探討公平法實施前後對於黃豆粉價格以及其上下游相關產品價格的影響，結果顯示無論是本研究主要想探討的黃豆粉價格平均值還是上游原料相關的黃豆及玉米進口價平均值在公平法成立以後皆有顯著的下降；下游相關如飼料售價、中、大豬飼料售價以及小、大雞飼料售價平均值亦在公平法成立以後有顯著的下滑。

Becaues the self-sufficiency ratio of soybean in Taiwan are lower than 1%, most of the crops sold in Taiwan comes from international suppliers, especially from the United States and Brazil.So the international grain market supply and demand affect the import of our country. Review the history of Taiwan's grain purchases, before the implementation of the fair trade act, the government opened up domestic traders to import freely. However, in order to increase the purchasing advantage, some importers would coordinate the joint import of privately.This business move had been prohibited after the implementation of the fair trade act.However, because Taiwan’s individual grain importers cannot sustain the high total cost alone. Joint import has been a must to sustain business profit for each importers.In Feb, 1992, Taiwan government set up a special exemption from its fair trade act to allow individual soybean importers to have joint imports and to share the total cost. This paper explores if special exemption from Taiwan fair trade law, allowing regulated soy importers to have joint-import operations, can successfully lower the price of soybean meal and related products. The price comparison products include soybean meal, soybean,corn and related farmed feed prices. Hypothesis testing method was used for this experiment. According to our empirical results, the paper shows that average value of soy and corn import prices, as well as other related feed product prices, all showed a price decline after the special exemption from Taiwan fair trade act.