從國家保護義務與國家責任論食品安全的管理

Abstract

食品安全是保護人類健康、維持人類生活品質之基礎，也是社會經濟穩定發展的重要保障。然而，台灣從2011 年爆發塑化劑事件開始，到2013 年和2014 年先後爆發食用油品摻偽混充的食品詐欺事件，食品安全一躍成為我國最為關注的課題之一，也成為我國亟需研究和解決的問題。 對財富利益的慾望是一切犯罪的源頭，而貪婪是人類歷史上永遠揮之不去的陰影。黑心食品在人類歷史似乎永遠如影隨形，隨著工業革命和都市化以及現代科技迅速發展，食品業者及消費者所面臨的風險與日俱增。科技的進步在現代化過程中扮演著積極的角色，但科技發達伴隨而來的不只是文明水平的提升，還有一併隨之而來的副作用，例如化學合成的食品添加物和攙偽假冒食品氾濫，使得消費者在購買食品時，面臨到的風險越來越多。在這種的情況下，如何保障食品 安全，最強而有力的方式就是嚴明的法律規範和政府強而有力的稽查管理機制。 本文藉由逐項檢視我國食品安全衛生管理法，釐清食品詐欺之防治以及食品安全管理中，政府應扮演的角色以及應負的責任，並嘗試從外國的食安管理制度中，探究我國食品安全管理可參考的方向。

Food safety is the foundation for protecting human health and maintaining the quality of human life. It is also an important guarantee for the development of human society and economy. However, start from the 2011 Taiwan food scandal and to the food scandals in 2013 and 2014, food safety has become one of the most concerned topics in Taiwan. It has become an urgent need for research and the solution to the problem. The desire for wealth benefits is the source of all crimes, and greed is a sin that will never be get rid of in human history. Black-hearted foods appear to be always in the shadow of human history. Since industrial revolution, with rapid urbanization and the development of modern technology, the risks faced by food industry and consumers are increasing day by day. The advancement of science and technology plays an active role in the modernization process. However, technological advancements accompanied not only the improvement of the human civilization, but also the concomitant side effects, such as the chemical synthesis of food additives and the proliferation of adulterated and counterfeit foods. As a result, consumers are facing more and more risks when they purchase foods. Under such circumstances, the most powerful and effective way to protect food safety is strict laws and the powerful inspection and management enforced by the government. This article examines the current Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation of Taiwan, clarifies the role the government should play in the prevention of food fraud and the management of food safety, and tries to explore the direction of Taiwan's food safety from the experiences of other nations.